Effect of a Dietary Supplement on Peri-Implant Bone Strength in a Rat Model of Machined Surface Implants

Abstract

Efforts to improve the bone-implant interface to accelerate and improve the quality of osseointegration have generally focused on chemically improving the interface by incorporating inorganic phases on or into the titanium oxide layer or physically improving it by increasing the level of roughness. However, some types of rough-surfaced implants, such as those coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), may result in a higher incidence of complications. Once peri-implantitis occurs, the factors promoting bone integration can turn into risk factors, exacerbating inflammation around the implant fixture. Thus, it is extremely important to study approaches for accelerating bone formation around the machined surface dental implants. Peri-implant bone formation may be enhanced by systemic approaches, such as the use of osteoporosis supplements, to promote bone metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate if peri-implant bone mineral density (BMD) was improved after oral synthetic bone mineral (SBM) intake, which facilitates improved secondary stability of the machined surface dental implants and shortens the healing period. Twenty-four 7-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a standardized diet with or without SBM (diet with SBM group and diet without SBM group, respectively; n = 12 for both). The rats underwent implant surgery at 9 weeks of age under general anesthesia. The main outcome measures BMD, pull-out strength, real-time PCR and Fluorescence microscopy observations of the implant from the femur were compared at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation using the Mann-Whitney U test. At 2 and 4 weeks after implantation, BMD, pull-out strength, real-time PCR and fluorescence microscopy observations were both significantly greater in the diet with SBM group than in the diet without SBM group. This study demonstrated that SBM could be effective in accelerating peri-implant bone formation for machined surface implants during the healing period after implantation.

Coating Dental Implants with Synthetic Bone Mineral for Early New Bone Formation <i>in Vivo</i>

“…Watanabe et al 9) administered SBM to rats by including it in their food and found that the oral ingestion of the SBM was effective in the promotion of bone formation. Sato et al reported that, when they embedded implants that caused mechanical friction in the femurs of rats that had ingested SBM as a supplement, new bone formation was promoted in the peri-implant region 5) . Srinivasan et al reported that SBM was effective as a supplement in maintaining bone health in subjects experiencing adverse effects on their bone microstructure and bone density, such as estrogen and mineral deficiencies 6) .…”

“…A total of twenty-four Ti-6Al-4V (wt%) cylindrical implants measuring 1.2 mm in diameter and 4.0 mm in height, with a hole located 0.5 mm from the upper end for pull-out strength tests, were used. All twenty-four implants were subjected to blasting with 110-μm abrasive particles, cleaned with an ultrasonic device, and autoclaved, as per the method described by Sato et al 5) and Watanabe et al 9) . They were then subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in double-distilled water.…”

“…SBM, which contains various minerals necessary for organisms, has the advantage of containing useful elements for bone remodeling. Before determining the effects of preimplant surgical administration of this SBM, it was first experimentally tested as an oral supplement in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis [5][6][7][8][9] . The SBM supplement promoted bone formation and metabolism and improved bone tissue quality throughout the body.…”