Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Stark, Ken D.; Park, Eek J.; Maines, V; Holub, Bruce J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.2.389

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…First, there were significant increases in the longchain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. These results are in agreement with other studies in humans, in which healthy adults were supplemented with fish oil [29,53]. In these studies, increases in EPA were between 500-600% as compared with the increase of 944% as observed herein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Young

Conquer

Thomas³

2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been positively correlated with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric health in several studies. The high seafood intake by the Japanese and Greenland Inuit has resulted in low ratios of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,, with the Japanese showing AA:EPA ratios of approximately 1.7 and the Greenland Eskimos showing ratios of approximately 0.14. It was the objective of this study to determine the effect of supplementation with high doses (60 g) of flax and fish oils on the blood phospholipid (PL) fatty acid status, and AA/EPA ratio of individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), commonly associated with decreased blood omega-3 fatty acid levels. Thirty adults with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of supplementation with olive oil (< 1% omega-3 fatty acids), flax oil (source of alpha-linolenic acid; 18:3n-3; α-LNA) or fish oil (source of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6n-3; DHA). Serum PL fatty acid levels were determined at baseline and at 12 weeks. Flax oil supplementation resulted in an increase in α-LNA and a slight decrease in the ratio of AA/EPA, while fish oil supplementation resulted in increases in EPA, DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids and a decrease in the AA/EPA ratio to values seen in the Japanese population. These data suggest that in order to increase levels of EPA and DHA in adults with ADHD, and decrease the AA/EPA ratio to levels seen in high fish consuming populations, high dose fish oil may be preferable to high dose flax oil. Future study is warranted to determine whether correction of low levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is of therapeutic benefit in this population. omega-3 fatty acids / fish oil / flax oil / attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / adults Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; LNA: linolenic acid; PL: phospholipids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Young

Conquer

Thomas³

2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Estrogen levels may lead to alterations in normal fatty acid metabolism through changes in fatty acid utilization and oxidation (59)(60)(61). Although in our female population 98% were postmenopausal at baseline, 60% reported taking HRT at some point in their lives.…”

Section: N-6 and N-3 Intake And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidmentioning

confidence: 82%

Dietary Intake of ω-6 and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Men and Women

Daniel

McCullough

Patel

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: W-6 and W-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes may play opposing roles in inflammationdriven colorectal carcinogenesis. We examined the relationship of these polyunsaturated fatty acids and the ratio of their intake with colorectal cancer risk in a large U.S. prospective cohort. Design: Participants in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort completed a detailed questionnaire on diet, medical history, and lifestyle in 1999. Between 1999 and 2005, 869 incident colorectal cancer cases (452 men and 417 women) were identified among 99,080 participants (43,108 men and 55,972 women). Multivariate-adjusted rate ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results:The ratio of total W-6 to total W-3 intake was not associated with colorectal cancer risk in either sex. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, total W-6 intake was inversely related to colorectal cancer risk

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“…On one occasion, volunteers received 7.2 g of fish oil (1.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.8 g docasahexaenoic acid; Biorganic Omega-3, Gisand, Bern, Switzerland) per day for 28 days. It has been documented that such supplementation with fish oils leads to marked increases in n-3 fatty acids in serum phospholipids (10,11). On another occasion, subjects ingested 3 g of fructose (D-Fructose; Fluka Chemie Gmbh, Buchs, Switzerland) per kilogram of body weight per day (high-fructose diet) as a 20% fructose solution with the three main meals during the 6 days before the test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fructose Overfeeding and Fish Oil Administration on Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men

et al. 2005

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High-fructose diet stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and causes hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in rodents. Fructose-induced insulin resistance may be secondary to alterations of lipid metabolism. In contrast, fish oil supplementation decreases triglycerides and may improve insulin resistance. Therefore, we studied the effect of high-fructose diet and fish oil on DNL and VLDL triglycerides and their impact on insulin resistance. Seven normal men were studied on four occasions: after fish oil (7.2 g/day) for 28 days; a 6-day high-fructose diet (corresponding to an extra 25% of total calories); fish oil plus high-fructose diet; and control conditions. Following each condition, fasting fractional DNL and endogenous glucose production (EGP) were evaluated using [1-13 C]sodium acetate and 6,6-2 H 2 glucose and a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to assess insulin sensitivity. High-fructose diet significantly increased fasting glycemia (7 ؎ 2%), triglycerides (79 ؎ 22%), fractional DNL (sixfold), and EGP (14 ؎ 3%, all P < 0.05). It also impaired insulin-induced suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis and EGP (P < 0.05) but had no effect on wholebody insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Fish oil significantly decreased triglycerides (37%, P < 0.05) after high-fructose diet compared with high-fructose diet without fish oil and tended to reduce DNL but had no other significant effect. In conclusion, high-fructose diet induced dyslipidemia and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance. Fish oil reversed dyslipidemia but not insulin resistance. Diabetes

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Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Dietary Intake of ω-6 and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Men and Women

Effect of Fructose Overfeeding and Fish Oil Administration on Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men

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