Effect of a Milk Formula With Prebiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota of Infants After an Antibiotic Treatment

Abstract

Antibiotics exert deleterious effects on the intestinal microbiota, favoring the emergence of opportunistic bacteria and diarrhea. Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria. Our aim was to evaluate the effects on the intestinal microbiota of a prebiotic-supplemented milk formula after an antibiotic treatment. A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 140 infants 1-2 y of age distributed into two groups after a 1-wk amoxicillin treatment (50 mg/kg/d) for acute bronchitis. The children received for 3 wk >500 mL/d of a formula with prebiotics (4.5 g/L) or a control without prebiotics. Fecal samples were obtained on d -7 (at the beginning of the antibiotic treatment), on d 0 (end of the treatment and before formula administration), and on d 7 and 21 (during formula administration). Counts of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Clostridium lituseburiense cluster, Clostridium histolyticum cluster, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides-Prevotella were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and flow cytometry. Tolerance and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded daily. Amoxicillin decreased total fecal bacteria and increased E. coli. The prebiotic significantly increased bifidobacteria from 8.17 +/- 1.46 on d 0 to 8.54 +/- 1.20 on d 7 compared with the control 8.22 +/- 1.24 on d 0 versus 7.95 +/- 1.54 on d 7. The Lactobacillus population showed a similar tendency while the other bacteria were unaffected. No gastrointestinal symptoms were detected during the prebiotic administration. Prebiotics in a milk formula increase fecal bifidobacteria early after amoxicillin treatment without inducing gastrointestinal symptoms.

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

“…galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), inulin-type fructans or their combination or with mixtures of polydextrose (PDX) and acidic-oligosaccharides (AOS)) have been produced to be added to infant and follow-on formulae and have been studied for number of health outcomes, such as bowel function (Knol et al, 2005;Scholtens et al, 2006;Rao et al, 2009;Ashley et al, 2012), gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections (Duggan et al, 2003;Brunser et al, 2006;EFSA NDA Panel, 2010e), atopic dermatitis, eczema, urticaria and asthma (Osborn and Sinn, 2007;EFSA NDA Panel, 2010e).…”

Influence of Selected Per Orally Administered ATB on Microflora of GIT in Experimental Animals

“…The results also showed that not all evaluated populations were afected by the ATB. The greatest change was observed in E. coli counts, which increased signiicantly during ATB administration [3,22]. By using FISH, the efect of amoxicillin potentiated by clavulanic acid on human faecal microbiota in germ-free mice was observed [21].…”

“…For the FISH method, a speciic probe 5 '[Alexa488/546] GCTGCCACCCGTAGGTGT for Verrucomicrobium was used to conirm the presence of the bacterium. Also, EUB338 '[Alexa488/546] 5-GCTG-CCTCCCGTAGGAGT-3 [22] was used. In the stool specimen with Akkermansia muciniphila, the sensitivity of this bacterium to doxycycline was conirmed.…”

La microbiota intestinal: Un nuevo actor en el desarrollo de la obesidad

“…La MI no se distribuye en forma homogénea en el TD; más de 99,9% se encuentra en el colon, con concentraciones que alcanzan los 10 9 a 10 11 CFU/g y con un fuerte predominio de anaerobios estrictos. El ciego y el colon ascendente son sede de procesos intensos de fermentación y sus poblaciones bacterianas están en continuo crecimiento, produciendo concentraciones altas de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) que llevan a un pH bajo (5,(4)(5)9), mientras que en el colon descendente estos procesos son menos intensos por lo cual la concentración de AGV en su lumen es menor y el pH más alto (6,9) 2 . En la MI existe un equilibrio entre las poblaciones bacterianas dominantes (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Eubacterium) y aquellas subdominantes, presentes en menor cantidad.…”

“…Factores cotidianos tales como el estrés o el consumo de agua clorada afectan a la MI, pero dichas alteraciones son menores comparadas con aquellas producidas por el consumo regular de anti-inflamatorios, laxantes o antiáci-dos, o la aplicación de radio -o quimioterapia 3 . La administración de antibióticos impacta en forma considerable el equilibrio de la MI 4 , reduciendo drásticamente las poblaciones dominantes y favoreciendo la emergencia de patógenos oportunistas como Clostridium difficile 5 . Por otra parte, perturbaciones cuali-y/o cuantitativas de la MI han sido observados en un gran número de patologías que afectan directamente el TD (enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas del intestino, cáncer colo-rectal, constipación, diarreas) o a distancia de él (alergias, artritis) 6 .…”