Effect of a novel charring–foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Li, Bin; Xu, Min

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.07.020

Cited by 304 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the IFR systems are relatively effective at low concentrations but not enough in stringent cases. In order to enhance the flame retardancy, new intumescent flame retardant systems have been developed rapidly [3,[6][7][8], which has high flame retardant efficiency. In addition, some synergistic agents have also been used to improve further the flame retardant of intumescent flame retardant PP systems, such as nano-Mn 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 [9], zeolites [10], montmorillonite [11,12], silica [13], alumina [13], silicotungstic acid [14], lanthanum oxide [15,16], nano-BaWO 4 [17], expandable graphite [18], iron powder [19], nanoflaky manganese phosphate [20], phosphotungstic acid [21], hydroxy silicone oil [22], a-ZrP [23], colemanite [24], zinc borate [25], polysilsesquioxane [26], borosiloxane [27] and other metallic compounds [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Huang¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this paper, the effects of sepiolite as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP/IFR) were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the IFR system mainly consisted of the ammonium polyphosphate modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent, melamine and dipentaerythritol. The results from the LOI and UL 94 tests show that sepiolite added to the PP/IFR system has a synergistic flame retardant effects with the IFR system. The TGA results reveal that sepiolite enhances the thermal stability of the PP/IFR composite and increases the char residue formation. The cone calorimeter results indicate that the heat release rate, mass loss rate, total heat release and average specific extinction area of the PP/IFR/sepiolite composite decrease in comparison with the PP/IFR composite. The LRS measurements provide useful information on the carbonaceous microstructures. The morphological structures observed by SEM have demonstrated that sepiolite promote the formation of the reinforced and homogeneous char barrier on the surface of the composites. Simultaneously, the Young's modulus and flexural modulus of the PP/IFR composites are also much better improved with the increase of sepiolite added.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Huang¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…To reduce the fire risk, a flameretardant alone or a mixture of flame-retardant are injected into the wood and wood-based material, or coated or immersed (5,6) . To research more effective flame retardants, char forming agents have been synthesized, including polyolphosphate compounds (7,8) and triazine derivatives (9,10) . Small molecules containing a triazine ring used as char foaming agents have many drawbacks, such as low thermal stability, low flame-retardant efficiency, easy migration and water extraction performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Combustion Gas for Carbon Oxide of Wood Coated with Bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) Phosphinic Acids Additives

Jin¹,

Chung²

2016

Fire Science and Engineering

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요 약 이 연구는 비스-(디메틸아미노메틸) 포스핀산(DMDAP), 비스-(디에틸아미노메틸) 포스핀산(DEDAP) 과 비스-(디부틸 아미노메틸) ABSTRACTThis study examined the generation of combustion toxic gases of pinus rigida specimens processed with bis-(dimethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DMDAP), bis-(diethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DEDAP), and bis-(dibutylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DBDAP). Each pinus rigida plate was coated three times with 15 wt.% flame retardants in an aqueous solution. The specimens were then dried at room temperature. The production of combustion toxic gases was investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). The first time to peak mass loss rate (1 ) for the processed specimens was decreased 1.8% for DMDAP and 5.3% for DBDAP and increased 1.8% for DEDAP. The peak carbon monoxide (CO p e a k ) production was 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than that of the unprocessed plate. The peak carbon dioxide (CO 2 p e a k ) production was reduced 0.01 times for DMDAP and increased 1.15 to 1.19 times for DEDAP and DBDAP compared with the unprocessed specimens. In particular, the oxygen concentration was much higher than 15%, which can be fatal to humans and the resulting hazard can be eliminated. Overall, the combustion toxicity of flammable gas were increased partially by the chemical additives compared with those of the unprocessed plate.

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“…[6] In particular, alternative nitrogen-based flame retardants that meet the requirements of sustainable production and products exhibit good overall prospects. Inspired by the already proven flame retardant efficacy of melamine compounds [7] (melamine polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, melamine borate) alkoxyamines (Flamestab NOR 116 [8] , AZONOR [9][10][11] ), diazenes and related compounds [12][13][14] , triazenes [15] , inorganic azo compounds [16] (INAZO), as well as metal chelates [17] and triazine polymers [18] as charring agents, we started to explore the potential of different azo-linked bis triazines as flame retardants. We reasoned, that by the introduction of several known flame retardant building blocks such as azo moiety, triazinyl group or metal atoms into one molecule, a new class of flame retardant additives could be constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of bis‐[1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and their utilization as flame retardants in polypropylene films

Tirri

Aubert

Pawelec

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of bis- [1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and two metal complexes thereof were synthesized and tested as new flame retardants in polypropylene films. It was observed that electron withdrawing triazinyl ring substituents (i.e. Cl and phenyl moieties) improved the thermal stability of diazene compounds, whereas electron donating groups (i.e. methoxy, dimethylamino and ethylthio moieties) had a destabilizing effect. TGA, DTA/DSC, NMR and ATR-FTIR were used for the characterization. Quantum mechanical modeling (Gaussian 09) was also utilized to facilitate the interpretation of the NMR data. Bis-(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-diazene 1 and bis-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-diazene 2 were found to be effective flame retardants in polypropylene films and DIN4102-1 B2 classification was reached already at a loading of 0.5 wt%. Interestingly, the copper complex of 2 showed even higher fire retardant activity than its precursor 2, whereas the corresponding zinc complex exhibited lower flame retardant efficacy than its precursor.

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Effect of a novel charring–foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Cited by 304 publications

References 12 publications

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Evaluation of Combustion Gas for Carbon Oxide of Wood Coated with Bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) Phosphinic Acids Additives

Preparation and characterization of bis‐[1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and their utilization as flame retardants in polypropylene films

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