“…In recent years, eco-friendly flame retardants were explored to replace halogencontaining flame retardants due to being toxic and smoky, and other drawbacks [22]. Phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) containing flame retardants are regarded as promising halogen-free alternatives [23][24][25][26]. Bio-based materials have already attracted attention to producing eco-friendly flame retardants including chitosan (CH) [27][28][29], deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [30][31][32], phytic acid (PA) [33,34], polydopamine (PDA) [35], starch [36], cyclodextrin [37,38], lignin [39], and tannic acid (TA) [40,41].…”