Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

Ras, Rouyanne T.; Fuchs, D.; Koppenol, Wieneke P.; Schalkwijk, Casper G.; Otten-Hofman, Anke; Garczarek, Ursula; Greyling, Arno; Wagner, Frank; Trautwein, Elke A.

doi:10.1017/jns.2016.40

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, clinical studies have evaluated the association between phytosterols’ consumption and inflammatory markers, such as CRP and cytokines. Although the results showed by Ras et al [213] are in aggreement with the data reported by Demonty, no changes in CRP levels were observed. In a new study conducted by Ras et al [209], in 240 hypercholesterolaemic voluntaries who consumed a low-fat spread with added phytosterols (3 g/day) for 12 weeks, no changes in any of the markers evaluated (CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and sICAM-1) were observed.…”

Section: Bioactive Compoundssupporting

confidence: 70%

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health

Casas

Castro‐Barquero

Estruch

et al. 2018

IJMS

241

162

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries, representing almost 30% of all deaths worldwide. Evidence shows the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CVD over the last 25 years has become a public health priority, especially the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) through lifestyle interventions. Current scientific evidence shows that Western dietary patterns compared to healthier dietary patterns, such as the ‘Mediterranean diet’ (MeDiet), leads to an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In fact, dietary intervention allows better combination of multiple foods and nutrients. Therefore, a healthy dietary pattern shows a greater magnitude of beneficial effects than the potential effects of a single nutrient supplementation. This review aims to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods, or individual nutrients) for preventing CVD and quantifies the magnitude of the beneficial effects observed. On the other hand, we analyze the possible mechanisms implicated in this cardioprotective effect.

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Section: Bioactive Compoundssupporting

confidence: 70%

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health

Casas

Castro‐Barquero

Estruch

et al. 2018

IJMS

241

162

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“…In regards to inflammation, there was no significant reduction in any of the markers evaluated in the study conducted by Ras et al 54 : C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1. In a systematic review and meta-analysis recently published, Rocha et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Currently, there are available studies assessing endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, diameter of the retinal vessels, and inflammation of low degree. 39 , 41 , 50 - 54 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, supplementation with 3 g/day of plant sterols for 12 weeks in 240 subjects with hypercholesterolemia did not result in beneficial effects on arterial stiffness and endothelial function. 41 , 54 In this study, the endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation 41 and circulating biomarkers: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), VCAM-1, and E-selectin. 54 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 41 , 54 In this study, the endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation 41 and circulating biomarkers: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), VCAM-1, and E-selectin. 54 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phytosterols in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cabral¹,

Klein²

2017

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

109

103

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Phytosterols are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin, which can be divided into plant sterols and plant stanols. Clinical studies consistently indicate that the intake of phytosterols (2 g/day) is associated with a significant reduction (8-10%) in levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol). Thus, several guidelines recommend the intake of 2 g/day of plant sterols and/or stanols in order to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels. As the typical western diet contains only about 300 mg/day of phytosterols, foods enriched with phytosterols are usually used to achieve the recommended intake. Although phytosterols decrease LDL-cholesterol levels, there is no evidence that they reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; on the contrary, some studies suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis with increasing serum levels of phytosterols. This review aims to address the evidence available in the literature on the relationship between phytosterols and risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Effects of phytosterols on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Yang,

Xia,

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death globally. The primary risk factors are high blood lipid levels, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Phytosterols are naturally occurring plant bioactive substances. Short‐term clinical trials have demonstrated phytosterols' cholesterol‐lowering potential, but their effects on cardiovascular risk factors remain controversial, and relevant meta‐analyses are limited and incomplete. We conducted a systematic and comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library up to December 22, 2023. A total of 109 randomized controlled trials (RCTS) of phytosterols (PS) intervention on cardiovascular risk factor outcomes were included in a preliminary screening of the retrieved literature by Endnote 20. We assessed the quality of all included randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Cochrane data conversion tool was used for data conversion, and finally Stata was used for meta‐analysis, egger test and sensitivity analysis of the included studies. The results indicated that dietary phytosterols intake could significantly decrease total cholesterol (TC) level (mean difference = −13.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −15.19, −11.63, p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level (mean difference = −12.57; 95% CI: −13.87, −11.26, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) level (mean difference = −6.34; 95% CI: −9.43, −3.25, p < 0.001), C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (mean difference = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = 0.671), systolic blood pressure (SBP) level (mean difference = −2.10; 95% CI: −3.27, −0.9, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level (mean difference = −0.83; 95% CI: −0.58, −0.07, p = 0.032), increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level (mean difference = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.78, p = 0.005), but did not alter the levels of blood glucose (GLU) (mean difference = −0.44; 95% CI: −1.64, 0.76, p = 0.471), glycosylated hemoglobin, Type A1C (HbA1c) (mean difference = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.75, 0.20, p = 0.251), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (mean difference = 0.00; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.02, p = 0.980), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) (mean difference = 0.08; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.24, p = 0.335), oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OXLDL‐C) (standard mean difference = 0.16; 95% CI: −0.38, 0.06, p = 0.154), body mass index (BMI) (mean difference = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.07, 0.09, p = 0.886), waist circumference (WC) (mean difference = −0.10; 95% CI: −0.50, 0.30, p = 0.625) and body weight (mean difference = 0.03; 95% CI: −0.18, 0.24, p = 0.787). Our results suggest that phytosterols may be beneficial in reducing the levels of TC, LDL‐C, TG, CRP, SBP, and DBP, but have no significant effect on GLU, HbA1c, TNF‐α, IL‐6, OXLDL‐C, BMI, WC, and Weight. However, there were a small number of RCTS included in this study and their small population size may have reduced the quality of the study. And most of the included studies were short‐term intervention trials. Therefore, higher quality studies need to be designed in future studies to establish more accurate conclusions.

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Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health

Phytosterols in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Effects of phytosterols on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

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