Effect of a repeated jaw motor task on masseter muscle performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the multidirectional lip-closing force in adult females before and after short-term lip training. Sixty-six Japanese females participated in this study. The subjects performed lip training that involved maintaining 200 or 400 g of bottled water in the oral vestibule. The signals of directional lip-closing force were investigated in eight directions before training and 5 and 7 days after the lip training. The differences in the closing force between pre- and post-training were then analysed statistically. The lip-closing force increased in the following order: pre-training, 5 days post-training and 7 days post-training in every direction (P < 0·05). The patterns of the increase in the lip-closing force in the upper, lower, right and left directions as a result of the repetitions were similar. No significant differences were noted between the training effects with loads of 200 and 400 g. Our findings demonstrated that the lip-closing force was influenced by the short-term lip training.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Multidirectional lip‐closing force in adult females after short‐term lip training

Fujiwara

Tokura

Tome

et al. 2016

“…Jaw muscle training over several days has also been found to result in improvement in performance of a bite task in association with neuroplastic changes in the oMI representation of jaw-closing muscles such as the masseter. 77 However, unlike the oMI neuroplasticity demonstrated within just 1 hour of tongue-task training, 1 hour of the bite-task training did not produce evidence of neuroplasticity in the masseter muscle representation in oMI; it was considered that the bite-task training may have been inadequate to induce or allow for detection of excitability changes in oMI. Indeed, a more complex biting task did induce evidence in humans of neuroplasticity in the masseter representation in oMI, especially if combined with a tongue task.…”

Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Tms) and Fmri Studies In mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…But dynamic neuroplastic changes are also evident with tongue‐task training as short as 1 hour or less, consistent with the findings noted above for monkeys. Jaw muscle training over several days has also been found to result in improvement in performance of a bite task in association with neuroplastic changes in the oMI representation of jaw‐closing muscles such as the masseter . However, unlike the oMI neuroplasticity demonstrated within just 1 hour of tongue‐task training, 1 hour of the bite‐task training did not produce evidence of neuroplasticity in the masseter muscle representation in oMI; it was considered that the bite‐task training may have been inadequate to induce or allow for detection of excitability changes in oMI.…”

Section: Regulation Of Oro‐facial Sensorimotor Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

Sessle

2019

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence that rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.

“…Several recent studies have focused on our ability to improve oral motor performance during various oral motor tasks . These studies have primarily investigated the effects of the repeated performance of the task on behavioural learning and skill acquisitions during well‐coordinated oral motor tasks.…”

Section: Oral Motor Skill Acquisition and Training‐induced Neuroplastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have focused on our ability to improve oral motor performance during various oral motor tasks. 82,84,[88][89][90][91][92] These studies have primarily investigated the effects of the repeated performance of the task on behavioural learning and skill acquisitions during well-coordinated oral motor tasks. These tasks have varied from simple tongue protrusion 82,83,93 and clenching tasks 94,95 to more complex tongue training 91 and biting of chocolate candies or force control with absolute accuracy.…”

Section: Oral Motor Skill Acquisition and Training-induced Neuroplamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bite or brain: Implication of sensorimotor regulation and neuroplasticity in oral rehabilitation procedures

Kumar

Kothari

Grigoriadis

et al. 2018

Tooth loss, decreased mass and strength of the masticatory muscles leading to difficulty in chewing have been suggested as important determinants of eating and nutrition in the elderly. To compensate for the loss of teeth, in particular, a majority of the elderly rely on dental prosthesis for chewing. Chewing function is indeed an important aspect of oral health, and therefore, oral rehabilitation procedures should aim to restore or maintain adequate function. However, even if the possibilities to anatomically restore lost teeth and occlusion have never been better; conventional rehabilitation procedures may still fail to optimally restore oral functions. Perhaps this is due to the lack of focus on the importance of the brain in the rehabilitation procedures. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to discuss the importance of maintaining or restoring optimum chewing function in the superageing population and to summarise the emerging studies on oral motor task performance and measures of cortical neuroplasticity induced by systematic training paradigms in healthy participants. Further, brain imaging studies in patients undergoing or undergone oral rehabilitation procedures will be discussed. Overall, this information is believed to enhance the understanding and develop better rehabilitative strategies to exploit training-induced cortical neuroplasticity in individuals affected by impaired oral motor coordination and function. Training or relearning of oral motor tasks could be important to optimise masticatory performance in dental prosthesis users and may represent a much-needed paradigm shift in the approach to oral rehabilitation procedures.