Effect of a soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose) on the physico‐chemical conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers

Abstract

1. The effects of an indigestible soluble polysaccharide (carboxy methyl cellulose: CMC) on broiler performance (body weight gain, food and water intake) and on chyme characteristics (moisture content, viscosity, pH, osmolality and retention time) in broilers were studied. 2. In semi-synthetic diets 0, 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg of cellulose was replaced by CMC on weight basis. These diets were fed to male broilers from 3 to 5 weeks of age. 3. When 10.0 g/kg CMC was included in the diet, food intake and body weight gain were reduced, compared to the 0, and 5.0 g/kg CMC diets. Food:gain ratio and water intake were increased at each CMC concentration. The significant quadratic response showed an increased response per 5.0 g/kg dietary CMC at the higher CMC concentration. 4. The viscosity in the supernatant of the chyme was linearly increased in all intestinal segments by CMC. A quadratic increase was observed in the crop. In the lower ileum, differences between the 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg CMC diets were not significant. 5. CMC increased the mean retention time of chromium in the duodenum and in the upper jejunum, and reduced the maximal rate of marker excretion. The transit time (first appearance of the marker in the excreta), however, was significantly reduced at the highest CMC concentration. 6. The osmolality of the intestinal fluid decreased less as the chyme moved from the duodenum into the lower ileum, with increasing concentrations of CMC. 7. The ileal pH was reduced linearly by the CMC content of the diet. 8. Based on a higher moisture content of the chyme in the CMC-fed birds, and the higher jejunal and ileal osmolarities in those birds, it was concluded that the efficiency of both digestion and absorption was reduced by CMC inclusion in broiler diets.

Effects of viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics in ileal-cannulated grower pigs

“…The watery digesta and faeces for pigs fed the CMC diet indicated less water retention and the onset of diarrhoea, similar to the observation with weaned pigs fed a CMC diet or pearled barley (23 -25) , and the watery digesta was related to high digesta viscosity. The high digesta viscosity by inclusion of CMC in diets slows digesta passage rate and thereby creates a favourable environment for the proliferation of microbial pathogens (26) .…”

Influence of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass quality of broilers fed corn or wheat/barley-based diets

“…The mechanisms involved in poor digestibility are not fully understood but it is recognized that viscosity reduces the intestinal passage rate (van der Klis et al, 1993), reduces the diffusion of digestive enzymes and stimulates bacterial proliferation in the small intestine (Choct, 2006;Rodriguez et al, 2012). Moreover, the water-holding capacity brought about by soluble NSP markedly influenced voluntary feed intake.…”

Nutritive Value of Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles and its Effect on Performance in Geese

“…These results are similar to those reported for broiler chickens by Barekatain et al (2013b), who found that inclusion of 10-30% sDDGS in diets significantly increased feed intake and the feed/gain ratio in broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days. DDGS consists of a greater proportion of soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) (28.6 g soluble NSP/kg dry matter, 184.9 g insoluble NSP/kg dry matter) than the respective native grains; the presence of NSP increases digesta viscosity (Smits and Annison, 1996) and reduces the feed passage rate (Van der Klis et al, 1993), leading to lower growth rates and a higher feed/gain ratio. By contrast, xylanase supplementation in broiler chicken diets containing 30% sDDGS can improve the feed conversion ratio (Barekatain et al, 2013a, b), implying that appropriate supplementation with NSP enzymes could be beneficial to the feed efficiency of poultry diets containing sDDGS.…”