Effect of a β-Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-Carnitine on Insulin-Sensitive and Insulin-Resistant 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of a β-​hydroxyphosphonate analog of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine (L-CA) (CAS number: 1220955-​20-3, Component: 1221068-91-2, C₁₂H₂₉NO₄PI), (3-Hexanaminium, 1-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N,N,5-​tetramethy-iodide (1:1), (2R, 3S)) on parameters related with type-2 diabetes in an in vitro model. Nontoxic concentrations of L-CA were assayed and compared to commercial <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine effects. L-CA did not affect adipogenesis in normal cells, but an increment of TG accumulation was observed on insulin-resistant adipocytes (80%) when compared with resistant control. L-CA also stimulated glucose analog 2-NBDG uptakes on insulin-resistant adipocytes in a similar way as insulin when compared to insulin-resistant cells. Our results show that the L-CA promoted insulin-like responses on insulin-resistant adipocytes without appreciable pro-adipogenic effect in sensitive adipocytes.

Polyphenolic Extracts from Spent Coffee Grounds Prevent H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Centropomus viridis Brain Cells

“…In contrast, lower concentrations did not affect cell viability when compared with the control (zero), without polyphenolic extracts (Figure 1). The maximum toxic concentration of polyphenolic extracts from SCG that sustains 80% of cell viability was calculated using linear regression, (y = −39.564x + 323.2, R 2 = 0.9306) [18,19], and the result was 467.31 µg/mL. These data show that polyphenolic extracts from SCG could be used without cytotoxic effects at concentrations under 467.31 µg/mL.…”

The Development and Evaluation of Brain and Heart Cell Lines from a Marine Fish for Use in Xenobiotic-Induced Cytotoxicity Testing

“…1 LC 50 values and LC 20 values were obtained from linear regression analysis. 29 The LC 20 values (referred to as the 'working concentration') were calculated in addition to the LC 50 values, to help inform the working concentrations to be used for the next set of experiments, in which the effects and molecular mechanisms of glyphosate on brain and heart cells of marine fish will be further investigated. The toxicity assays were performed in quadruplicate, and the figures represent the mean value ± SD of four experiments carried out independently.…”

“…The LC 50 for brainderived cells was calculated to be 47.3 μg/ml, by using the linear regression equation (y = À34.832x + 113.23; R 2 = 0.9628), and for heart-derived cells it was 49.7 μg/ml (y = À41.361x + 112.12; R 2 = 0.9779). 1,29 The results showed that the heart-derived cells were slightly more sensitive to glyphosate than the brain-derived cells. The working concentration (i.e.…”