Effect of Absence of Ciliate Protozoa From the Rumen on Microbial Activity and Growth of Lambs

Akkada, A. R. Abou; El-Shazly, K.

doi:10.1128/aem.12.4.384-390.1964

Cited by 90 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Eine weitere mogliche Ursache fur die grode Streubreite der Resultate verschiedener Defaunierungsversuche sei noch angesprochen. ABOU AKKADA und EL-SHAZLY (1964) sowie OSMAN und Mitarbeiter (1970) wiesen auf unterschiedliche Vorkommen einzelner Protozoenarten bei verschiedenen Tierarten und Erdregionen hin, die mithin auch bei Verfiitterung ahnlicher Rationen zu unterschiedlichen Reaktionen der Kontrolltiere mit intakter Flora fiihren konnten.…”

unclassified

“…Dies wurde jedoch auch bei isoliert aufgezogenen Tieren beobachtet (ABOU AKKADA u. EL-SHAZLY, 1964) und liegt an der fehlenden Konkurrenz der Ciliaten. Da die Flagellaten aber nur in einer vergleichsweise geringen Zahl auftreten (2000-30 0001 ml Pansensaft) und vie1 kleiner sind als Ciliaten (HUNGATE, 1966), sind sie keinesfalls in der Lage, die Rolle der Ciliaten zu iibernehmen (BECKER u.…”

unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Kreuzer

1986

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods and application of defaunation in the growing ruminantDefaunation (selective destruction of protozoa in the rumen) is suitable for the evaluation of the effects resulting from the activity of the rumen ciliate protozoa and also for possible growth promotion in ruminant fattening. In scientific experiments defaunation should be practised with detergents, whereas nutritive methods seem to be of advantage for the practical application of defaunation. Ruminants reared without ciliates from birth by isolation show, in contrast, no advantage over faunated animals.The evaluation of experiments with defaunated animals showed clear effects on the digestive physiology. Bacterial counts increase up to a 2-3 fold value and the formation of ammonia and methane is reduced by about a third on average. The proportion of butyrate is lower, while the proportion of propionate increases. With regard to the higher total content of volatile fatty acids in artificially defaunated animals there is an increase in propionate content of rumen fluid. This is not valid for animals kept ciliate-free by isolation from birth. The apparent digestibilities of almost all nutrients decrease after defaunation by 1-2 percentage units because of the reduced fermentation activity in the rumen. Daily live-weight gain, N retention and food conversion efficiency are clearly improved in artifically defaunated animals, while isolation from birth leads to exactly contrary effects.An evaluation of the defaunation experiments in relation to the applied food composition showed that defaunation seems to be of advantage if rations contain protein of a high rumen degradability, especially if the ration crude protein content is low. O n the other hand, the ciliates seem to be of some importance if rations rich in starch are fed, but in this case the effects are not so clear as with protein. EinleitungEs ist seit langem bekannt, dai3 die Protozoen, speziell die Ciliaten, eine wichtige Rolle beim Nahrungsabbau im Pansen von Wiederkauern spielen, aber auch, dai3 sie nicht essentiell fur das Wirtstier sind (BECKER u. Mitarb., 1929). Daher wurde eine groi3e Zahl von Versuchen zur Bedeutung und Aktivitat einzelner Protozoenarten und zum Teil auch US. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 0721-0981/86/331&0721$02.50/0 722 KREUZER der Gesamtpopulation durchgefiihrt. Die Ergebnisse hieraus sind wiederum in einigen Ubersichtsarbeiten zusammengefah (z. In diesen Literaturubersichten wird auch auf die Defaunierung (vollstandige Entfernung der tierischen Mikroben aus dem Pansen des Wiederkauers) als eine Methode zur Untersuchung der Protozoentatigkeit hingewiesen. Es sollte moglich sein, im Differenzverfahren durch den Vergleich von defaunierten Tieren und Tieren rnit normaler Fauna Effekte der Ciliaten auf verschiedene Parameter zu messen. Die Aussagekraft dieses Verfahrens wird jedoch durch das Kompensationsverhalten der weiterhin vorhandenen Bakterien etwas eingeschrankt. Da sich aber aus zahlreichen Versuchen mit protozoenfreien Tieren ein ansehnlichks Datenmat...

show abstract

unclassified

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Kreuzer

1986

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results of in vivo studies are not consistent with respect to the role of ciliates in fibre degradation [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The experiments described in this study clearly demonstrate that degradations in faunated and defaunated cultures were strongly affected by loading and dilution rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…For this reason ciliates were considered to be essential to the ruminant, but many in vivo studies have demonstrated that ruminants can survive without a protozoal population present. However, fibre degradation and animal weight gain were usually lower in the absence of ciliates [5][6][7] although no effect or a positive effect of defaunation has been reported as well [8][9][10]. The contradictory results might be attributable to in vivo conditions which are too complex and variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of rumen protozoa to fibre degradation and cellulase activity in vitro

Gijzen

Lubberding

Gerhardus

et al. 1988

FEMS Microbiology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The contribution of ciliates to rumen fermentation was estimated by determination of overall fibre degradation and cellulase activities (determined as carboxymethylcellulase activity) in faunated and defaunated ‘artificial rumen’ cultures. Experiments performed at loading rates of 22.5 and 35 g per liter per day of a grass‐grain substrate revealed that fibre degradation was significantly lower in the absence of ciliates only at the high loading rate. This effect of defaunation was smaller at dilution rates below 1.7 fermenter volume turnovers per day. Bacterial numbers were higher in all experiments after removal of ciliates. Fractionation studies demonstrated that ciliates accounted for 19–28% of the total cellulase activity in faunated cultures fed on filter paper cellulose.

show abstract

“…The production of SCFA and microbial crude protein based on the degradation of feed constituents accounts for the majority of the nutrients that are utilized by the host animal and these nutrients arise from the diverse microbial activities present in the rumen (Hobson & Wallace, 1982;Hungate, 1966;Prins, 1977;Russell, 1983). In vitro GP, SCFA and ammonium can thus be investigated to study microbial activity (Abou Akkada & El-Shazly, 1964;Van Hoven & Boomker, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of different rumen microbial groups to gas, short‐chain fatty acid and ammonium production from different diets—an approach in an in vitro fermentation system

Mobashar

Hummel

Blank

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the relative contribution of different microbial groups to ruminal metabolism was investigated for different diets. The rumen microbial cultures included whole rumen fluid, fungi + protozoa, bacteria + protozoa, protozoa and bacteria + fungi and were established by physical and chemical methods. Gas production, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonium production were measured at 24 hr in in vitro incubations using the Hohenheim gas test (HGT) procedure. Seven donor animal diets with different concentrate‐to‐roughage ratios (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 70:30BC (BC = NaHCO3), 90:10 and 90:10BC) and five HGT diets (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10) were formulated. Incubations in the HGT were always based on inoculum from sheep diets with the respective C:R ratio. Gas and ammonium production increased (p < 0.001) as a result of a gradual increase in concentrate proportion of the diets. In general, SCFA production followed the same trend. Whole rumen fluid and bacteria + fungi produced approximately 50% higher gas volume than protozoa and fungi + protozoa fractions, whereas gas production with bacteria + protozoa was at an intermediate level. Coculture of protozoa either with bacteria or with fungi produced more ammonium. Populations without bacteria were characterized by a particularly high acetate/propionate ratio. Although an interaction between microbial group and diet was observed for several variables, no clear direction could be established. Manipulating rumen fluid by selectively suppressing specific rumen microbial groups may be a helpful tool in elucidating their role in nutrient degradation and turnover in vitro.

show abstract

Effect of Absence of Ciliate Protozoa From the Rumen on Microbial Activity and Growth of Lambs

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Methodik und Anwendung der Defaunierung beim wachsenden Wiederkäuer

Contribution of rumen protozoa to fibre degradation and cellulase activity in vitro

Contribution of different rumen microbial groups to gas, short‐chain fatty acid and ammonium production from different diets—an approach in an in vitro fermentation system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About