Effect of acetazolamide on pulmonary vascular haemodynamics in patients with COPD going to altitude: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Abstract

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may predispose to symptomatic pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. We investigated hemodynamic changes in lowlanders with COPD ascending to 3100m and evaluated whether preventive acetazolamide treatment would attenuate the altitude-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).MethodsIn this placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group trial, patients with COPD GOLD 2–3 living <800 m, SpO2>92%, PaCO2<6kPa, were randomized to receive either acetazolamide (125 0-250 mg d−1) or placebo capsules starting 24h before ascent from 760 m and during a 2-day-stay at 3100 m. Echocardiography, pulse-oximetry and clinical assessments were performed at 760m and after the first night at 3100m. Primary outcome was PAP assessed by tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG).Results112 patients, 68% men, mean±sdage 59±8 y, FEV161±12%pred, SpO295±2% were included. TRPG increased from 22±7 to 30±10 mmHg in 54 allocated to placebo and from 20±5 to 24±7 mmHg in 58 allocated to acetazolamide (both p<0.05) resulting in a mean (95%CI) treatment effect of −5 (−9 to −1)mmHg (p=0.015). In patients assigned to placebo at 760/3100m, SpO2was 95±2/88±3%, in the acetazolamide group respective values were 94±2/ 90±3% (both p<0.05) resulting in a treatment effect of +2(1 to 3)% (p= 0.001).ConclusionsIn lowlanders with COPD travelling to 3100m preventive acetazolamide treatment attenuated the altitude-induced rise in PAP and improved oxygenation.

Echocardiography and extravascular lung water during 3 weeks of exposure to high altitude in otherwise healthy asthmatics

“…In contrast to our study, the cardiac index increased at high altitude, probably due to a higher increase in heart rate. An increase in cardiac output during acute exposure was also found in patients with other obstructive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( Lichtblau et al, 2023 ).…”