Effect of Active and Passive Recovery on Blood Lactate and Performance During Simulated Competition in High Level Gymnasts

Jemni, Monèm; Sands, William A.; Friemel, F; Delamarche, Paul

doi:10.1139/h03-019

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, it is conceivable that performance would be highly dependent on the energy transferred via anaerobic metabolism. Confirming this hypothesis, we found elevated plasma lactate levels following a simulated AG competition, which was comparable to the lactate values found after the lower-body Wingate test and superior (2 to 3 fold) to those observed in rhythmic (~4.0 mmol/l) and artistic gymnastics (~5.5 mmol/l) [ 6 , 12 ]. In view of this high anaerobic demand, the SAGAT was designed to elicit a large activation of the glycolytic pathways, thereby resulting in lactate responses comparable to those observed after competitions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Development of a Specific Anaerobic Field Test for Aerobic Gymnastics

Alves

Borelli²,

Paineli

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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The current investigation aimed to develop a valid specific field test to evaluate anaerobic physical performance in Aerobic Gymnastics athletes. We first designed the Specific Aerobic Gymnast Anaerobic Test (SAGAT), which included gymnastics-specific elements performed in maximal repeated sprint fashion, with a total duration of 80-90 s. In order to validate the SAGAT, three independent sub-studies were performed to evaluate the concurrent validity (Study I, n=8), the reliability (Study II, n=10) and the sensitivity (Study III, n=30) of the test in elite female athletes. In Study I, a positive correlation was shown between lower-body Wingate test and SAGAT performance (Mean power: p = 0.03, r = -0.69, CI: -0.94 to 0.03 and Peak power: p = 0.02, r = -0.72, CI: -0.95 to -0.04) and between upper-body Wingate test and SAGAT performance (Mean power: p = 0.03, r = -0.67, CI: -0.94 to 0.02 and Peak power: p = 0.03, r = -0.69, CI: -0.94 to 0.03). Additionally, plasma lactate was similarly increased in response to SAGAT (p = 0.002), lower-body Wingate Test (p = 0.021) and a simulated competition (p = 0.007). In Study II, no differences were found between the time to complete the SAGAT in repeated trials (p = 0.84; Cohen’s d effect size = 0.09; ICC = 0.97, CI: 0.89 to 0.99; MDC95 = 0.12 s). Finally, in Study III the time to complete the SAGAT was significantly lower during the competition cycle when compared to the period before the preparatory cycle (p < 0.001), showing an improvement in SAGAT performance after a specific Aerobic Gymnastics training period. Taken together, these data have demonstrated that SAGAT is a specific, reliable and sensitive measurement of specific anaerobic performance in elite female Aerobic Gymnastics, presenting great potential to be largely applied in training settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Development of a Specific Anaerobic Field Test for Aerobic Gymnastics

Alves

Borelli²,

Paineli

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Historical gymnastics fitness profiles over several decades have shown that the demands on gymnasts have increased in parallel with the progressive rules changes as established by the gymnastics Code of Points [ 49 ]. The Code of Points, without being a gymnastics coaching manual, drives much of gymnastics training [ 45 , 46 , 50 ]. Each country uses the Code of Points for international competition and often modifies the international rules for lower-level domestic competitions and training.…”

Section: Gymnastics Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching the Spines of Gymnasts: A Review

et al. 2015

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Gymnastics is noted for involving highly specialized strength, power, agility and flexibility. Flexibility is perhaps the single greatest discriminator of gymnastics from other sports. The extreme ranges of motion achieved by gymnasts require long periods of training, often occupying more than a decade. Gymnasts also start training at an early age (particularly female gymnasts), and the effect of gymnastics training on these young athletes is poorly understood. One of the concerns of many gymnastics professionals is the training of the spine in hyperextension—the ubiquitous ‘arch’ seen in many gymnastics positions and movements. Training in spine hyperextension usually begins in early childhood through performance of a skill known as a back-bend. Does practising a back-bend and other hyperextension exercises harm young gymnasts? Current information on spine stretching among gymnasts indicates that, within reason, spine stretching does not appear to be an unusual threat to gymnasts’ health. However, the paucity of information demands that further study be undertaken.

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“…us, two features that spectators tend to be most deeply impressed with in this sport are the complexity of the acrobatics and the height of the gymnasts. e gymnast's task is made considerably easier if he or she is light as well as strong [1][2][3][4] . Moreover, gymnastics is an 'appearance sport', an exhibition of the body, aesthetics and technique, which means that the attractiveness of the athlete's body and performance is relevant and a matter of evaluation in competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature regarding the growth potential of stature in children who are committed to the practice of AG seems to be of concern in some countries 4,10,17,[19][20][21] . Pubertal delays have been con rmed in artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, and these include high stress imposed by training intensity and the high number of competitions 4 , delayed puberty 22 , and differences in menarche age and menstruation irregularities 2 . In reality these ndings did not try to discuss the growth and development issues as 10,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of intensive high performance training on adult height of female artistic gymnasts: a retrospective study

Ferreira-Filho

Machado

Marques

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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(1):87-95 • 87The impact of intensive high performance training IntroductionThe impact of intensive high performance training on adult height of female artistic gymnasts: a retrospective study CDD. 20.ed. 796 People generally have great admiration for Artistic Gymnastics (AG), regardless if they are involved in competitions or non-o cial exhibitions. us, two features that spectators tend to be most deeply impressed with in this sport are the complexity of the acrobatics and the height of the gymnasts. e gymnast's task is made considerably easier if he or she is light as well as strong [1][2][3][4] . Moreover, gymnastics is an 'appearance sport', an exhibition of the body, aesthetics and technique, which means that the attractiveness of the athlete's body and performance is relevant and a matter of evaluation in competition. e anthropometric characteristics of gymnasts seem to be related to scores, particularly among female gymnasts [5][6] . Several health issues related to gymnastics (artistic and rhythmic) have been at the centre of ongoing debates for the last 15 years 4 . Among these issues are: body composition and its relation to a high volume of training 7-8 , combined with inadequate diet 9-10 ; each growth phase for adult shortness and the e ect that the growth in one phase has on another 11 ; anthropometric geometry 12-13 and also hormonal regulation, growth and sexual development [14][15] . Studies have shown that, when comparing the height of athletes belonging to the same age group, those who dedicate themselves to the practice of volleyball, basketball, and swimming, for instance, tend to be considerably taller than those committed AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the potential impact of the high performance training on the anthropometric and maturational characteristics of female artistic gymnasts and to compare the adult target height with international standards of growth. A sample consisted of 23 elite Brazilian female former gymnasts was evaluated. From a historic retrospective, about 29.56 yrs. ago (average of all) they devoted themselves to the training for 9.3 (2.6) years, with a weekly 24.26 (4.2) training hours, and had been retired from competition around at 13.61 (5.12) years old. From the anthropometric data of the gymnasts (while still competing), their parents and their older sister (1) and younger sister (2), the target height was calculated by Tanner method {[(father's height -13 cm) + mother's height] ÷ 2}. Additionally, training history, age of menarche occurrence, and growth classifying in accordance with the international standards was recorded, aimed at comparisons. The average stature shown normal adult stature (NCHS), and some cases surpassed the standard 75th, 90th and 95th percentile. They are higher than their mother (p = 0.039), but not their sister 1 (0.952) or sister 2 (p = 0.998), but the age of menarche was signifi cantly later only than their sisters 1 (p = 0.008) and 2 (p = 0.017). According to the Brazilian percentiles reference (IBGE), the fi nal ...

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Effect of Active and Passive Recovery on Blood Lactate and Performance During Simulated Competition in High Level Gymnasts

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Development of a Specific Anaerobic Field Test for Aerobic Gymnastics

Development of a Specific Anaerobic Field Test for Aerobic Gymnastics

Stretching the Spines of Gymnasts: A Review

The impact of intensive high performance training on adult height of female artistic gymnasts: a retrospective study

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