Effect of active arm swing to local dynamic stability during walking

Wu, Yu Te; Li, Yue; Liu, Anmin; Xiao, Fei; Wang, Yin-Zhi; Hu, Fei; Chen, Jinling; Dai, Kerong; Gu, Dongyun

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.10.005

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The maximal finite-time Lyapunov exponent was used in 18% of all studies as objective parameter for knee joint stability (16 studies), during comfortable gait ( Table 2, During comfortable gait three studies observed higher Lyapunov exponents in the study group compared to the control group(s) [46,74,84]. Wearing a safety harness [55] or arm swing [102] did not have an influence on the Lyapunov exponents of the knee in healthy subjects.…”

Section: Maximal Finite-time Lyapunovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective parameters to measure (in)stability of the knee joint during gait: A review of literature

et al. 2019

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Section: Maximal Finite-time Lyapunovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective parameters to measure (in)stability of the knee joint during gait: A review of literature

et al. 2019

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“…A comment should be made about the difference in position of the participants arms between conditions. It has been shown that arm swing may improve the local dynamic stability of the trunk segments in mediallateral directions (19). Texting requires a participant to walk without arm swing with their arms held in front of their body, this could be a confounding variable.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Texting on Balance and Temporospatial Aspects of Gait

Goddard¹,

Remler²,

Roos³

et al. 2018

WURJ:HNS

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The purpose of this study was to determine effects of texting on standing balance and the temporospatial aspects ofgait. It was hypothesized that texting would decrease stride velocity and increase deviation from midline while walking, as well asincrease centre of pressure (CoP) excursions while standing. Fifteen participants (eleven males and four females, 21.12±1.25 yearsof age) performed two standing balance tasks and two walking tasks. A repeated measures experimental design was used. Thestanding task consisted of standing as still as possible on a force plate for 20 seconds, which was then repeated while theparticipant texted a standard text message (48 characters). The second task consisted of walking along a six metre straight linewhile being filmed posteriorly along the line of progression, and perpendicular to direction of motion. This task was completed againwhile texting a similar predetermined message (48 characters). Balance performance was quantified by the percentage of total timewithin a 5 mm radius of each participant’s centre of pressure (CoP). Gait quality was quantified using the average step length, stridevelocity, and mediolateral standard deviation from midline averaged from both feet. The percentage of time spent within 5 mm of theaverage CoP was significantly (p<0.05) less while texting compared to the non-texting control condition. Additionally, themediolateral standard deviation from the midline while walking increased significantly (p<0.05) in the texting condition. Average steplength and average stride velocity decreased significantly (p<0.05) while texting compared to the control condition. Standing balanceand temporospatial aspects of walking are significantly degraded by texting. These results are valuable due to the growingprevalence of mobile technology. These results suggest that texting and walking could be detrimental to pedestrian safety and canhelp inform decisions regarding infrastructure to minimize potential dangers associated with distracted walkers.

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“…The MLE is based on the Lyapunov's theory of dynamic stability, initially formulated to assess the sensitivity of a mechanical system to small perturbations and is often used to quantify how the patterns of gait kinematics change in response to small perturbations (Lyapunov, 1992; Ihlen et al, 2017). While arguments can be made for any of the deriving stability measures, recent reviews suggested the use of the MLE as a prominent measure of dynamic stability (Hamacher et al, 2011; Bruijn et al, 2013; Mehdizadeh, 2017), which has thus received extensive focus in the recent years (Wurdeman et al, 2014; Reynard and Terrier, 2015, 2017; Hamacher et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2016; Chini et al, 2017; Mehdizadeh, 2017; Vieira et al, 2017; Wickstrom et al, 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maximum Lyapunov Exponent During Walking and Running: Reliability Assessment of Different Marker-Sets

et al. 2018

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The maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE) has often been suggested as the prominent measure for evaluation of dynamic stability of locomotion in pathological and healthy population. Although the popularity of the MLE has increased in the last years, there is scarce information on the reliability of the method, especially during running. The purpose of the current study was, thus, to examine the reliability of the MLE during both walking and running. Sixteen participants walked and ran on a treadmill completing two measurement blocks (i.e., two trials per day for three consecutive days per block) separated by 2 months on average. Six different marker-sets on the trunk were analyzed. Intraday, interday and between blocks reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the root mean square difference (RMSD). The MLE was on average significantly higher (p < 0.001) in running (1.836 ± 0.080) compared to walking (1.386 ± 0.207). All marker-sets showed excellent ICCs (>0.90) during walking and mostly good ICCs (>0.75) during running. The RMSD ranged from 0.023 to 0.047 for walking and from 0.018 to 0.050 for running. The reliability was better when comparing MLE values between blocks (ICCs: 0.965–0.991 and 0.768–0.961; RMSD: 0.023–0.034 and 0.018–0.027 for walking and running respectively), and worse when considering trials of the same day (ICCs: 0.946–0.980 and 0.739–0.844; RMSD: 0.042–0.047 and 0.045–0.050 for walking and running respectively). Further, different marker-sets affect the reliability of the MLE in both walking and running. Our findings provide evidence that the assessment of dynamic stability using the MLE is reliable in both walking and running. More trials spread over more than 1 day should be considered in study designs with increased demands of accuracy independent of the locomotion condition.

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Effect of active arm swing to local dynamic stability during walking

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Objective parameters to measure (in)stability of the knee joint during gait: A review of literature

Objective parameters to measure (in)stability of the knee joint during gait: A review of literature

The Effect of Texting on Balance and Temporospatial Aspects of Gait

The Maximum Lyapunov Exponent During Walking and Running: Reliability Assessment of Different Marker-Sets

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