Wettability in CO2–H2O–coal
directly determines pore-scale configuration and further affects
practice projects on the hectometer scale; however, coal rank and
thermophysical condition dependences of wettability and their underlying
mechanisms are inadequate. Potential candidate coal beds (hvBb, hvAb,
mvb, sa) were considered, and wettability reflected by static/dynamic
contact angles was evaluated under in situ reservoir conditions (temperature
and pressure) by the captive bubble method. Physicochemical properties
with potential effects on wetting behavior were characterized via
SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD. Static/dynamic contact angles increased with
pressure and coal rank, while they decreased with temperature, typically
showing intermediate- or CO2-wetting in deep reservoirs.
Advancing contact angles depended less on temperature and coal rank
than static/receding contact angles. At a low temperature (T = 25 °C), CO2-wetting was stronger and
was more significantly affected by coal rank and pressure. The curves
of contact angles and CO2 density as a function of pressure
almost coincided and increased steeply at pressures between 60 and
90 bar (∼64.3 bar). With increasing metamorphic degrees, defects,
oxygen content, and polar oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl,
etc.) on the surface decreased, while C/O (the ratio of carbon to
oxygen), C, and aromatic hydrocarbons increased. The results of the
gray relational model indicate that C/O and hydroxyl are the primary
factors affecting wettability in chemical properties. With coal rank,
the degree of aromatic ring condensation increased and inorganic minerals
(e.g., clay minerals and calcite) reduced; the crystallite structure
tended to grow and become graphite-like. Measurement data and an understanding
of wetting behavior have implications for project site selection and
provide input parameters for field-scale reservoir modeling.