Effect of actual and accelerated ageing on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a 2024-T351 aluminium alloy

Prudhomme, Manida; Billy, François; Alexis, Joël; Guiffard, Benoît; Hamon, Florence; Larignon, Céline; Odemer, Grégory; Blanc, Christine; Hénaff, Gilbert

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.10.015

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Such dispersoids are supposed to be composed mainly of Cu. These precipitates participate in the hardening of alloys, and their role is to hinder dislocation [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It is worth noting that a larger number of intermetallic particles that were also bigger in size and arranged in accordance with the rolling direction were observed for clad AW-2024-T3 alloy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of experimental research, they came to the conclusion that the precipitation process is very sensitive to external stress and the aging temperature. Prudhomme et al [8] investigated the effects of aging on the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of a 2024 aluminum alloy. However, they did not notice significant modification of the fatigue resistance despite changes in the precipitation structure during the service life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of AW-2024-T3 Bare and Clad Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2020

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In this paper, thermophysical and viscoelastic dynamic mechanical measurements (DMA) were performed for bare and clad aluminum AW-2024-T3 alloys. Specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and dynamic module (storage and loss) tests were performed in the range of 50 to 500 °C, except for DMA ones (RT–400 °C). All tests were carried out using the following specialized measuring stands: a light flash apparatus (LFA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The microstructures and compositions of alloys were investigated by light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, Vickers micro-hardness measurements were conducted prior to and after DSC studies. Different precipitation kinetics of the θ′ and S′ metastable phases in the bare 2024-T3 compared to the clad alloy were observed by DSC. Additionally, the DSC results for a few selected scan rates were analyzed by the Kissinger method to give activation energies for the precipitation of θ′ and S′ metastable phases in the alloys. The apparent activation energy of the θ′ and S′ phases corresponds to 137.1 ± 4.4 kJ· mol−1 for the bare alloy and 131.0 ± 6.0 (exo) and 104.1 ± 2.1 (exo) (two peaks) for the clad alloy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of AW-2024-T3 Bare and Clad Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2020

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“…They realized that, the deformability and tensile strengthening increase and decrease respectively by increasing curvature radius of notch. It is notable that, the micromechanics of fracture can be varied by precipitation characteristics and notch nature [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing condition of tensile specimens: fracture behavior of notched Al2024 sheet under tensile loading

Pakravan

Monazzah

Farahmand

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The effect of different (T6 and T8) heat treatments on tensile properties and fracture behavior of Al2024 in presence and absence of notch by means of microhardness, tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Tensile and hardness specimens were subjected to two different artificial ageing (T6 and T8 heat treatment) for various times. These included under ageing (UA), peak ageing (PA) and over ageing (OA). T8 heat treatment, which has a cold rolling between solutionizing and ageing in its steps, showed a higher value of hardness and yield strength in comparison with common artificial ageing of T6 heat treatment. In notched-tensile specimens, yield stress was found to increase up to the peak ageing condition with a simultaneously decrease in elongation at fracture. This behavior was converse at OA condition. Although introducing of notch increase the yield stress of samples under T6 and T8 conditions in comparison with un-notched samples, the notch strengthening phenomenon was observed only under T8 treatment. Despite of an enhancement in strengthening by applying notch on tensile samples, the elongation to failure was notably lessen in both notched-heat treated samples in comparison with unnotches ones. Also, it was confirmed that the toughness of notched samples of both heat treatments at PA condition were significantly lower than un-notched ones. Consequently, toughness decrement was considerably dominated by the role of deformability compared to strengthening factor, however, the presence of cold rolling in the process of heat treatment (T8) could reduce the harmful effects of notch by increasing the stress bearing capacity in contrary with T6 heat treatment. Moreover, inserting the mechanical properties of peak aged samples from the un-notched tensile test in Abaqus finite element software; the V-shaped notch tensile test was simulated and confirmed the experimental results. It was shown in SEM results that the presence of notch enhanced the contribution of cracked particles, compared to particle/matrix deboning and matrix deformation, therefore, the non-homogeneous distribution of fracture features confirmed the harmful effect of notch. In the following, the distribution of three fracture micro-mechanisms were homogeneous in un-notched samples, which demonstrated the superior values of toughness in smooth samples. The present finding sheds light on development of processing techniques to optimize the mechanical properties of Al 2024 alloy.

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“…These changes will lead to decrease in strength, fracture toughness or fatigue resistance. For 2xxx alloy family, several studies were reported where long-term aging was simulated with temperature exposures [4][5][6][7]. In 1999, a study of long-term stability was done by Braun et al [4] on 2024-T351 alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

et al. 2020

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The understanding of long-term aging of aeronautical materials, in particular aluminium alloys used in the fuselage and structure of aircraft is of extreme importance for airline fleets. In this work, a plate from an old aircraft (Breguet) was retrieved and studied in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. A comparison was made between this naturally-aged alloy and a modern alloy on which different artificial aging conditions were applied. The old alloy exhibits a precipitation of θ-Al2Cu at grain boundaries and of Ω-Al2Cu on dispersoids. This non-expected nanostructure for an alloy in T4 state was attributed to the heat that the plate experienced during the aircraft cycles. However, it is shown that this aging is reversible (after a solution treatment). Moreover, the very long time of outdoors exposure seems to have caused intergranular corrosion causing the early failure during tensile tests on some of the specimens. The artificial aging (low temperature, 100°C for up to 10,000h) applied on the modern 2017A alloy did not allow to reproduce the nanostructure of the old plate, meaning that isothermal conditions for artificial aging might not be appropriate in this case.

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Effect of actual and accelerated ageing on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a 2024-T351 aluminium alloy

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of AW-2024-T3 Bare and Clad Aluminum Alloys

Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of AW-2024-T3 Bare and Clad Aluminum Alloys

Ageing condition of tensile specimens: fracture behavior of notched Al2024 sheet under tensile loading

Comparison of long-term natural aging to artificial aging in Duralumin

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