Effect of Acute Airway Inflammation on the Pulmonary Antioxidant Status

Deaton, Christopher M.; Marlin, D. J.; Smith, Nicola C.; Harris, Patricia A.; Dagleish, Mark P.; Schroter, R. C.; Kelly, Frank J.

doi:10.1080/01902140591007092

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…15 In healthy horses, BALF ascorbic acid concentration is approximately 40 times greater than that of glutathione and 50 times the BALF ascorbic acid concentration of human beings (Table 1). [15][16][17] Furthermore, the concentration of ascorbic acid in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the trachea is approximately 6 times that in the bronchoalveolar region. 16 The high concentration of ascorbic acid probably reflects the fact that the horse is able to synthesise this antioxidant vitamin, unlike human beings.…”

Section: Pulmonary Antioxidants In the Horsementioning

confidence: 96%

The role of oxidative stress in an equine model of human asthma

Deaton

2006

Redox Report

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Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a naturally occurring respiratory disease in horses with many similarities to human asthma and, as a result, has been used as an animal model of this disease. Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to occur in a range of respiratory diseases in human beings including asthma. Quantitatively, horses have a greater non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid compared to human beings due to high ascorbic acid concentrations, which reflects their ability to synthesise ascorbic acid. Consequently, a greater oxidative load is likely to be required to induce oxidative stress in horses compared to human beings. Induction of acute neutrophilic airway inflammation in RAO horses by exposure to organic dust does not result in marked pulmonary oxidative stress. However, with a more prolonged inflammatory response, the antioxidant capacity is depleted and oxidative stress occurs. Despite the clear evidence of oxidative stress in RAO, there is currently limited data linking oxidative stress with a causal role in the development of the pathophysiological features of RAO, namely airway obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation and mucus accumulation. However, pathways do exist whereby oxidants could potentially augment the production of important mediators in RAO. Further work is required to ascertain the benefits of antioxidant supplementation in RAO and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Given the similarities with human asthma, results from RAO horses could enhance the understanding of the role of oxidative stress in human asthma.

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Section: Pulmonary Antioxidants In the Horsementioning

confidence: 96%

The role of oxidative stress in an equine model of human asthma

Deaton

2006

Redox Report

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“…In der chronischen Entzündungsphase scheinen aber auch Interleukin-17 (Debrue et al 2005) (Deaton et al 2006). Auch in der Ausatemluft konnten während einer Exazerbation, nicht aber nach kurzzeitiger Inhalation organischen Staubes, erhöhte Marker oxidativen Stresses festgestellt werden (Deaton et al 2005b(Deaton et al und 2006b). …”

Section: Referencesunclassified

“…Therefore, MPO may serve as a sensitive inflammatory marker in subclinical cases (Fey 2004). In unison to this, several studies demonstrated reduced anti-oxidative capacity in RAO patients in exacerbation as evidenced by low ascorbic acid concentrations in BALF (Deaton et al 2004(Deaton et al , 2005a(Deaton et al , 2005b(Deaton et al , 2006a(Deaton et al und 2006b. During recovery from exacerbation, the reduction in ascorbic acid is followed by an increase in BALF glutathione peroxidase activity, presumably to combat disease-associated oxidative stress (Deaton et al 2006).…”

Section: Local Inflammatory Markers In Tw and Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During recovery from exacerbation, the reduction in ascorbic acid is followed by an increase in BALF glutathione peroxidase activity, presumably to combat disease-associated oxidative stress (Deaton et al 2006). Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress have been identified within the airways and in exhaled breath condensate of RAO horses during disease exacerbation, but not following short-term organic dust inhalation challenge (Deaton et al 2005b(Deaton et al und 2006b). …”

Section: Local Inflammatory Markers In Tw and Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Barton¹,

Shety²,

Wirth³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Over the last years local and systemic inflammatory markers of chronic pneumopathies have gained increasing interest in research, as the pathogenesis of Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) remains not fully elucidated in several details. In human medicine, Asthma bronchiale and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been found to be influenced by systemic inflammatory processes and the other way around. Inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as extracellular remodeling show close interactions. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is commonly used to evaluate the severity of local inflammation in the lung. Interleukins involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils like Interleukin 8, 17 and 23 have been studied. Chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, ultimately causing fibrosis. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are discussed as the most important proteolytic enzymes during remodeling in human medicine. In the horse, MMP 9 seems to be a central player in chronic respiratory disease as well. A systemic involvement has been shown for RAO by increased acute-phaseproteins like serumamyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation. Studies focusing on these and further possible inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in the horse are discussed in this review of literature.Keywords: Inflammatory markers / horse / respiratory disease / recurrent airway obstruction / RAO / Diagnostischer Wert verschiedener Entzündungsmarker bei chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes -eine ÜbersichtIn den letzten Jahren häufen sich Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen lokalen und systemischen Entzündungsmarkern bei chronischen Pneumopathien des Pferdes, da das Verständnis der Pathogenese von Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) und Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) weiterhin nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Ein Blick in die Humanmedizin zeigt, dass das Asthma bronchiale und die Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) durchaus in Zusammenhang stehen mit systemischen inflammatorischen Prozessen, so dass sich die lokalen Prozesse in der Lunge und systemische Entzündungsreaktionen gegenseitig beinflussen. Entzündung, Koagulation und Fibrinolyse sowie das extrazelluläre Remodelling sind eng miteinander verknüft. Zytologische Untersuchungen der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit und des Tracheobronchialsekrets stellen die gebräuchlichste Methode dar, den Schweregrad der lokalen Entzündung zu beurteilen. Hierbei ergeben sich Zusammenhänge zu Interleukinen, die an der Chemotaxis neutrophiler Granulozyten beteiligt sind, wie beispielsweise Interleukin 8, 17 und 23. Chronisch obstruktive Pneumopathien führen langfristig zu chronischen Umbauprozessen der Bronchienwände und des Lungenparenchyms (Remodelling), die mit der Bildung von Fibrosen einhergehen. Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMPs) gelten in der Humanmedizin als wichtigste proteolytische Enzyme bei diesem Remodelling und auch...

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“…Lung function was assessed by measuring total respiratory resistance and reactance at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 Hz by forced oscillatory mechanics (11). BAL was performed by instilling 500 ml of 0.9% saline at 37°C as described previously (10) but without local anesthesia of the conducting airways.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Deaton

Deaton²,

Jose‐Cunilleras³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Deaton CM, Deaton L, Jose-Cunilleras E, Vincent TL, Baird AW, Dacre K, Marlin DJ. Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse. J Appl Physiol 102: [1071][1072][1073][1074][1075][1076][1077] 2007. First published December 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00264.2006.-Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has been used as a naturally occurring model of human asthma. However, it is unknown whether there is an early-phase response in RAO. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to organic dust induces immediate changes in lung function in RAO-affected horses, which could be mediated by airway mast cells. Six RAO-affected horses in remission and six control horses were challenged with hay-straw dust suspension by nebulization. Total respiratory resistance at 1 Hz, measured by forced oscillation, was increased from 0.62 Ϯ 0.09 cmH 2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s (mean Ϯ SE) to 1.23 Ϯ 0.20 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s 15 min after nebulization in control horses (P ϭ 0.023) but did not change significantly in the RAO group. Total respiratory reactance at 1 Hz (P ϭ 0.005) was significantly lower in the control horses (Ϫ0.77 Ϯ 0.07 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) than in the RAO group (Ϫ0.49 Ϯ 0.04 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) 15 min after nebulization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) histamine concentration was significantly elevated 10 and 20 min postnebulization in control horses but not in RAO horses. Minimum reactance at 1 Hz in the early postnebulization period significantly correlated with both prechallenge BALF mast cell numbers (r ϭ Ϫ0.65, P ϭ 0.02) and peak BALF histamine concentration postnebulization (r ϭ Ϫ0.61, P ϭ 0.04). In conclusion, RAO horses, unlike human asthmatic patients, do not exhibit an early-phase response. However, healthy control horses do demonstrate a mild but significant early (Ͻ20 min) phase response to inhaled organic dust. This response may serve to decrease the subsequent dose of dust inhaled and as such provide a protective mechanism, which may be compromised in RAO horses. equine; lung function; allergen HUMAN ASTHMATIC PATIENTS develop an early-phase bronchoconstriction within minutes of exposure to inhaled allergens.

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Effect of Acute Airway Inflammation on the Pulmonary Antioxidant Status

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

The role of oxidative stress in an equine model of human asthma

The role of oxidative stress in an equine model of human asthma

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

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