Effect of acute cigarette smoking, alone or with alcohol, on gastric barrier function in healthy volunteers

Gotteland, Martín; Cruchet, Sylvia; Frau, V; Wegner, Małgorzata; López, R.; Herrera, Tania; Sánchez, A Prieto; Urrutia, Claudia; Brunser, O

doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80021-4

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…13,[15][16][17]25 Sucrose was added to the lactulose/ mannitol solution as a permeability probe for absorption through the stomach and proximal duodenum. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Permeability tests were carried out starting at 08:00 to 09:00 AM. After an overnight fast, each person was asked to empty her bladder completely and then to drink a 450-mL solution containing 40 g sucrose, 7.5 g lactulose, and 2 g mannitol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?†‡§

et al. 2006

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I ntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a rare disorder of unknown cause that may develop during the third or second trimester of pregnancy and resolves rapidly after delivery. The chief complaint is pruritus, and serum liver tests reveal a mild cholestasis with increased levels of bile salts and aminotransferases. ICP may cause fetal distress, with stillbirths or premature deliveries leading to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. 1,2 The pathogenesis of ICP appears to be multifactorial. Potential contributors include a genetic predisposition interacting with the effects of estrogen and progesterone metabolites on bile secretory mechanisms. 3 The influence of environmental factors has been suggested by the observation of a seasonal variability in the incidence of ICP, with highest rates reported during winter, a recurrence rate of only 45% to 70% in subsequent pregnancies of multiparous women, and the decrease in the prevalence of ICP detected in Sweden and Chile during recent decades. 4 Therefore, identifying factors that may explain these epidemiological changes appear to be important.The gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium is an essential barrier that normally restricts the passage of harmful molecules into the mucosa and systemic circulation. An increased intestinal permeability has been observed in patients with enteric damage, such as in inflammatory From the

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?†‡§

et al. 2006

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“…An increase in intestinal permeability has been found in chronic alcoholics with and without liver disease , as well as in non‐alcoholics after administration of a single dose of alcohol . Furthermore, endotoxin levels were found to be higher in patients with different stages of ALD than in healthy subjects .…”

Section: The Intestinal Epithelial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal epithelial barrier function in liver cirrhosis: an extensive review of the literature

Pijls

Jonkers

Elamin

et al. 2013

Liver International

111

104

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Recent evidence suggests that translocation of bacteria and bacterial products, such as endotoxin from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and the development of complications in cirrhosis. In addition to alterations in the intestinal microbiota and immune system, dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier may be an important factor facilitating bacterial translocation. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in human chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis, and to discuss possible contributing factors and mechanisms. Data suggest the presence of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with chronic liver diseases, but are more convincing in patients with cirrhosis, especially in those with complications. The barrier dysfunction can result from both direct and indirect effects of aetiological factors, such as alcohol and obesity, which can cause chronic liver diseases and ultimately cirrhosis. On the other hand characteristics of cirrhosis itself, including portal hypertension, alterations in the intestinal microbiota, inflammation and oxidative stress can affect barrier function of both small and large intestine and may contribute to the development of complications. In conclusion, there are indications for intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with chronic liver diseases and especially in patients with cirrhosis, which can be caused by various factors affecting both the small and large intestine.

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“…Subsequently, several studies showed that abnormal gastroduodenal permeability to sucrose is a reasonable marker for the presence of gastroduodenal injury in NSAID users (DeMeo, 1995; Erlacher et al, 1998; Meddings et al, 1995; Smecuol et al, 2001; Sutherland et al, 1994). Other researchers used sucrose permeability tests to assess damage to the gastroduodenal mucosa induced by oral corticosteroids (Kiziltas et al, 1998), intense exercise (Lambert et al, 2007b; Pals et al, 1997; Smetanka et al, 1999), Helicobacter pylori infection (Borch et al, 1998; Goodgame et al, 1997), atrophic gastritis (Sjostedt Zsigmond et al, 2005), Crohn’s disease (Wyatt et al, 1997), celiac disease (Smecuol et al, 1997; Vogelsang et al, 1996), coffee (Cibickova et al, 2004), smoking (Gotteland et al, 2002) or a combination of these damaging factors (Gotteland et al, 2002; Lambert et al, 2007a; Lambert et al, 2001; Rabassa et al, 1996; Ryan et al, 1996; Santucci et al, 1995). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have shown that acute alcohol consumption increases gastroduodenal permeability (Gotteland et al, 2002; Keshavarzian et al, 1994; Robinson et al, 1981). In the study of Robinson et al, the effect of alcohol was reversible and the increase in gastrointestinal permeability resolved after 2–3 days (Robinson et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aspirin on gastroduodenal permeability in alcoholics and controls

Farhadi

Keshavarzian

Kwasny

et al. 2010

Alcohol

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Alcohol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are noxious agents that can disrupt the integrity of the gastroduodenal mucosal and damage the epithelial barrier, and lead to increased gastroduodenal permeability. Moreover, it is not uncommon that patients are exposed to these two barrier stressors at the same time. It is thus important to know how simultaneous exposure affects the gastroduodenal barrier, and acquiring that knowledge was the goal of this study. We used a method that has been widely used for the assessment of injury to the gastroduodenal barrier induced by these noxious agents – measurement of gastroduodenal permeability as indicated by urinary excretion of ingested sucrose. We used gas chromatography to measure the amount of sucrose excreted in the urine over the 5–12 h following ingestion of a bolus of sucrose. The 148 participants in the study included 92 alcoholics and 56 healthy controls. All study subjects had a baseline permeability test. To determine whether addition of a second noxious agent, in addition to chronic alcohol, further decreases gastroduodenal barrier integrity, a subset of 118 study subjects participated in another permeability test in which they were exposed to aspirin. For this test, participants ingested 1300 mg aspirin twice, 12 hours and 1 hour before the final permeability test. The baseline permeability test showed that alcoholics have significantly higher gastroduodenal permeability than controls. Aspirin caused a significant within group absolute increase in gastroduodenal permeability in both alcoholics and controls (+7.72%, p=0.003 and +2.25%, p = 0.011, respectively) but the magnitude of these increases were not significantly different from each other. Baseline permeability did vary by gender, self-reported illegal drug use, and employment type. The extent of the permeability increase after aspirin ingestion varied with illegal drug use and recruitment site (a surrogate marker of socioeconomic status). Our data show that alcoholics have greater gastroduodenal permeability than healthy controls. This difference was independent of the duration of any preceding period of sobriety, gender, smoking history, or illicit drug abuse. The injurious effects of alcohol on the gastroduodenal epithelial barrier are long lasting, persisting even after 7 days of sobriety. Although, acute aspirin and chronic alcohol each increase intestinal permeability in alcoholics, their effects appear to be additive rather than synergistic.

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Effect of acute cigarette smoking, alone or with alcohol, on gastric barrier function in healthy volunteers

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?†‡§

Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?†‡§

Intestinal epithelial barrier function in liver cirrhosis: an extensive review of the literature

Effects of aspirin on gastroduodenal permeability in alcoholics and controls

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