Effect of Acute L-Carnitine Supplementation on Blood Lactate, Glucose, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Elite Male Artistic Gymnasts

Arazi, Hamid; Mehrtash, Mohammad

doi:10.33607/bjshs.v1i104.9

Cited by 5 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The scores ranging from 9-14 points were obtained (Table 1), representing a minimum methodological quality of 60% and a maximum of 93.33%. Out of the 11 studies, three achieved acceptable methodological quality [14,15,20], two achieved good methodological quality [30,31], and the other six studies achieved very good quality [16,23,24,[32][33][34]. No study was excluded for not meeting the minimum quality threshold.…”

Section: Quality Assessment Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the 65 articles, 30 were eliminated for not using the double-blind design, 23 were eliminated for not having at least one outcome related to sports performance, and one was eliminated for not having clear information about the administration of supplementation. Therefore, 11 articles were finally included in the current systematic review [14][15][16]20,23,24,[30][31][32][33][34] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Main Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases, both physically active and untrained participants were selected to carry out the studies. Out of those, only two of them selected professional participants [16,31], seven studies were carried out with recreational or amateur athletes [14,20,23,24,30,32,33], and two of them involved participants without any kind of previous training [15,34]. Regarding supplementation time, five studies analyzed the chronic supplementation of L-C with a duration (depending on the study) ranging between 4 and 24 weeks [15,23,30,33,34].…”

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding supplementation time, five studies analyzed the chronic supplementation of L-C with a duration (depending on the study) ranging between 4 and 24 weeks [15,23,30,33,34]. The other six studies used an acute administration for 7 days, before and/or during the test [14,16,20,24,31,32]. Specifically, the administration times varied among the studies in a range between 1 and 3 h before the test, while only one study administered it during the test [20], in which participants of a marathon race were supplemented 2 h before testing and 20 km after starting.…”

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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l-Carnitine (l-C) and any of its forms (glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) or l-Carnitine l-tartrate (l-CLT)) has been frequently recommended as a supplement to improve sports performance due to, among others, its role in fat metabolism and in maintaining the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. The main aim of the present systematic review was to determine the effects of oral l-C supplementation on moderate- (50–79% V˙O2 max) and high-intensity (≥80% V˙O2 max) exercise performance and to show the effective doses and ideal timing of its intake. A structured search was performed according to the PRISMA® statement and the PICOS guidelines in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases, including selected data obtained up to 24 October 2021. The search included studies where l-C or glycine-propionyl l-Carnitine (GPL-C) supplementation was compared with a placebo in an identical situation and tested its effects on high and/or low–moderate performance. The trials that used the supplementation of l-C together with additional supplements were eliminated. There were no applied filters on physical fitness level, race, or age of the participants. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated by the McMaster Critical Review Form. Of the 220 articles obtained, 11 were finally included in this systematic review. Six studies used l-C, while three studies used l-CLT, and two others combined the molecule propionyl l-Carnitine (PL-C) with GPL-C. Five studies analyzed chronic supplementation (4–24 weeks) and six studies used an acute administration (<7 days). The administration doses in this chronic supplementation varied from 1 to 3 g/day; in acute supplementation, oral l-C supplementation doses ranged from 3 to 4 g. On the one hand, the effects of oral l-C supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance variables were analyzed in nine studies. Four of them measured the effects of chronic supplementation (lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after 30 min at 80% V˙O2 max on cycle ergometer and higher work capacity in “all-out” tests, peak power in a Wingate test, and the number of repetitions and volume lifted in leg press exercises), and five studies analyzed the effects of acute supplementation (lower RPE after graded exercise test on the treadmill until exhaustion and higher peak and average power in the Wingate cycle ergometer test). On the other hand, the effects of l-C supplementation on moderate exercise performance variables were observed in six studies. Out of those, three measured the effect of an acute supplementation, and three described the effect of a chronic supplementation, but no significant improvements on performance were found. In summary, l-C supplementation with 3 to 4 g ingested between 60 and 90 min before testing or 2 to 2.72 g/day for 9 to 24 weeks improved high-intensity exercise performance. However, chronic or acute l-C or GPL-C supplementation did not present improvements on moderate exercise performance.

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Section: Quality Assessment Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Trimethylamine-N-oxide and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein 3 are risk markers of cardiotoxicity in L carnitine supplemented students in faculty of physical education, Zagazig university

Amin

Haroun²,

Awad-allah³

et al. 2023

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Backgroung: Levo-Carnitine is known L-carnitine that is generally used in medical and nutritional fields. Recent studies highlightened L-carnitine-induced cardiovascular toxic effects. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein 3 (HFABP3) are risk markers of its toxicity. Aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between L-carnitine metabolites and cardiac damage biomarkers in L-carnitine supplemented students. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on students at tennis section, faculty of physical education for girls, Zagazig University. These students were divided into 2 groups. Group I: Forty nine healthy individuals (age-and grade-matched), and group II: Forty nine L-carnitine supplemented students (1000mg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses orally). Clinical examination and electrocardiography (ECG) were done for all of them. These students have been investigated for L-carnitine, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), H-FABP3, and TMAO levels. Results: All markers have been significantly elevated when compared with those of the control group. ECG findings were ST depression in 24 students (49%), and T wave inversion in 1 9 students (38.8%) where sinus tachycardia was the commonest finding (77.6%). Furthermore, L-carnitine showed a significant positive correlation with H-FABP3, TMAO, cTn-I, and heart rate. Conclusion: TMAO, HFABP3 seem to be the strongest predictors for long term L-carnitine supplementation's cardiovascular toxicity. Further studies to assess both the efficacy and long term safety of oral L-carnitine supplementation for atheletes that used for physical enhancement were recommended.

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Predicting L-carnitine potential as LDH-inhibitor through In Silico approach

Editya Fukata,

Ahmad Abdullah

2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Background: L-carnitine (LC) is suggested to inhibit lactate accumulation post-exercise. However, the exact mechanism of how LC inhibits lactate accumulation is still elusive. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of LC in inhibiting LDH through in silico approach. Methods: The methods used in this study consisted of protein and ligand data collection, pharmacokinetic analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. The ligands used in this study are L-Carnitine and LDH-A inhibitor (AZ-33) as the control ligand, while the protein is human muscle LDH-A. Results: The results of this study indicate that L-carnitine has the potential to be an oral-drug candidate as it fulfills all Lipinski criteria and shows good cell membrane permeability. However, molecular docking showed that LC has weaker binding affinity values (-5.2 kcal/mol) than AZ-33 (-8.8 kcal/mol) to LDH-A. LC also interacts with different amino acid residues in LDH-A compared to AZ-33. Despite that, the molecular dynamic study revealed that LC forms more stable interactions with LDH-A. Conclusion: LC can bind to LDH-A with more stability than AZ-33, despite its weaker binding affinity to LDH-A and different interacting residues. Further study is needed to investigate the other mechanism that explains the effect of LC in inhibiting lactate accumulation.

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Effect of Acute L-Carnitine Supplementation on Blood Lactate, Glucose, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Elite Male Artistic Gymnasts

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review

Effect of Acute and Chronic Oral l-Carnitine Supplementation on Exercise Performance Based on the Exercise Intensity: A Systematic Review

Trimethylamine-N-oxide and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein 3 are risk markers of cardiotoxicity in L carnitine supplemented students in faculty of physical education, Zagazig university

Predicting L-carnitine potential as LDH-inhibitor through In Silico approach

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