Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease

Abstract

Renal diets are recommended for dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the effects of foods with added betaine and fiber on the plasma and fecal metabolome and fecal microbiome in dogs with early stage CKD. At baseline, several metabolites differed between healthy dogs and those with CKD. Dogs with CKD (n = 28) received a control food, low soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)), or high soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS) each for 10 weeks in different sequences. Consumption of test foods led to several favorable, significant changes in the plasma metabolome, including decreases of several uremic toxins and other deleterious metabolites, and increases in favorable metabolites compared with the control food. Only 7 fecal metabolites significantly changed with consumption of the test foods compared with the control food, largely increases in polyphenols and lignans. Few changes were seen in the fecal microbiome, though some taxa that significantly changed in response to the test foods have beneficial effects on health, with some negatively correlating with uremic toxins. Overall, foods with added betaine and soluble fiber showed positive effects on the plasma and fecal metabolomes.

Feeding Fiber-Bound Polyphenol Ingredients at Different Levels Modulates Colonic Postbiotics to Improve Gut Health in Cats

“…SDG is the predominant lignan in flaxseed and can be converted to secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol, and enterolactone by the gut microbiota [42][43][44]. Similar to this study and the ones testing the same fiber bundle in dogs [10,11], greater fecal levels of SDG and secoisolariciresinol were observed with increasing consumption of fiber [45]. Production of the postbiotic enterodiol is observed in a subset of humans [46].…”

Feeding Fiber-Bound Polyphenol Ingredients at Different Levels Modulates Colonic Postbiotics to Improve Gut Health in Dogs

“…The biological activity of SDG, the main lignan in flaxseed [ 37 ], results from its conversion to secoisolariciresinol, then enterodiol, and enterolactone, carried out by intestinal microbiota [ 38 , 39 ]. As in a prior study that tested the addition of low or high soluble fiber with betaine to food in canines, higher fecal levels of SDG and secoisolariciresinol were observed with increasing fiber consumption [ 40 ], as was enterodiol. Similar to polyphenols, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of SDG appear to translate to a number of positive health benefits in a multitude of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Recomendaciones nutricionales de alimentos balanceados de perros y gatos registrados en Costa Ric

“…La fibra según su solubilidad presenta funciones físicas para el adecuado funcionamiento del tracto digestivo (baja solubilidad) como la celulosa y la lignina, como prebióticos, los cuales estimulan el crecimiento de bacterias benéficas (pectina, betaglucanos y fructooligosacáridos) (Ephraim & Jewell, 2020) y los almidones y azúcares, que presentan una alta solubilidad y aporte energético al animal (NRC, 2006). En este trabajo, las etiquetas presentan un valor total de fibra cruda cercano al ideal para ambas especies, el cual es menor o igual a cinco.…”