Effect of Adenanthera pavonina leaves extracts and β- sito sterol glucoside in CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury in Wistar rats

Abstract

The aim of this research work was to investigate the less toxic and more specific hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethanol extracts along with pure compound β-sitosterol glucoside isolated from leaves of Adenanthera pavonina in carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 ) induced liver damage in rat. The anti-oxidant effect was assessed in different concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml by in-vitro model system of ferric cyanide reducing power assay using, ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Ethanol and hexane extracts of A. pavonina 75, 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight along with pure compound β-sitosterol glucoside 25, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight were administered orally for six days to CCl 4 (1.5 ml/kg body weight in equal volume of olive oil (1:1)) treated rats and the hepatoprotective activity was assessed in prophylactic and therapeutic model using biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine biochemical parameters like aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) along with histopathological studies of liver tissues. The results were compared with standard hepatoprotective drug containing (BetaineGlucuronate + Diethanol amine Glucuronate + Nicotinamide Ascorbate). Five-days treatment of tested samples showed dose dependent reduction of CCl 4 induced elevated activity of serum enzymes and total and direct bilirubin indicating the recovery of hepatic enzymes both in prophylactic and therapeutic model. However oral administration of β-sitosterol glucoside can significantly reduce the activity of ALP 183.40 IU/L, ᵞ-GT 0.60 IU/L, DB 0.04 mg/dl and ALT 30.20 IU/L, TB 0.14 mg/dl at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in prophylactic and therapeutic model respectively. This hepatoprotective effect was comparable to that of the standard drug. Histopathological study of animals showed intact bile duct and portal vein without any cellular necrosis and fatty infiltration. The ferric cyanide reducing power assay showed that A. pavonina possessed magnificent anti-oxidant potential in concentration dependent manner but less than standard drug ascorbic acid and among all tested samples β-sitosterol glucoside indicated highest reducing power 0.279. Results of the present study indicated presence of anti-oxidant phytochemicals in A. pavonina leaves and exhibited substantial reducing power of free radicals, responsible for promising hepatoprotective effect.

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule

“…Bergenin isolated from the cortex of M. japonicus exhibited a hepatoprotective effect in rats (IC 50 of 50 mg/kg) and normalized the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase, in addition to significantly preventing the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of reduced glutathione content in the liver [ 206 ]. Bergenin isolated from the herb S. stolonifera exhibited (IC 50 of 100 mg/kg) a hepatoprotective effect and detoxified liver cells [ 206 ]; bergenin isolated from the extract of P. pterocarpum showed a hepatoprotective effect in albino rats (IC 50 of 100 mg/kg) reducing excessive levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), direct bilirubin (DB) and total bilirubin (TB) [ 207 , 208 ]; bergenin and 11- O- galloylbergenin, isolated from the leaves of A. edulis , have remarkable antihepatotoxic activity against CCl 4 and galactosamine cytotoxicity in cultured primary rat hepatocytes (IC 50 of 100 mg/kg) [ 122 ]. Mondal et al [ 209 ] reported that the hepatoprotective capacity of bergenin could also be related to the fact that it can sequester free radicals and restore the antioxidant oxidant balance.…”

Botany and phytochemistry of Adenanthera pavonina L (Rakta Kambal)-A mini review

“…-glucopyranosyl-(6' 2' -2) --D-glucopyranosyl(6'' 1', 2 2)--D-glucopyranoside (71) , a few compounds showed potential pharmacological effects.β-sitosterol glucoside (4) was isolated from the leaves of A. pavonina and showed potential antioxidant and hepatoprotection ability against CCl4 induced liver injury rats[38]. In the investigation of antioxidant and (49) showed potential activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as radical scavenging power[33].…”