Effect of adhesive type on Strengthening-By-Stiffening for shear-deficient thin-walled steel structures

Okeil, Ayman M.; Ulger, Tuna; Babaizadeh, Hamed

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.01.004

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Evaluations of the dynamic behavior and delamination resistance of GFRP composites using nylon nanofibers showed improved damping ratios and enhanced inter-laminar shear strength, due to the binding of the nanofibers. [33][34][35].…”

Section: Manufacturing Of Steel/gfrp Hybrid Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Steel/GFRP Hybrid Panels for an Improved Moveable Weir after Exposure to Accelerated Natural Environmental Conditions

et al. 2019

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This study evaluated the performance of a hybrid panel in an improved moveable weir after exposure to accelerated environmental climate conditions. When exposed to a river environment, corrosion problems on improved moveable weir steel panels can occur. To address this, a hybrid panel with structure layering glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) panels on both sides of the steel panel was used. The steel was, therefore, not exposed to the outside. However, this hybrid panel is a structure that uses a mixture of two materials with different properties and there is the possibility of performance degradation when the GFRP composite material, i.e., the structure that wraps around the bond interface, and the steel panel are exposed to a river environment. Thus, we evaluated the durability of the hybrid panels by repeated exposure to long-term high temperatures, dry–wet environmental cycling, long-term freezing, and freeze–thaw cycling in an accelerated climate deterioration environment. In the flexural tests, the surface processing of the steel panel was shown to be important, with sand-blasted test specimens showing higher flexural strength. For the control specimens, the flexural strength decreased as the thickness of the GFRP panels increased. However, for the sand-blasted specimens, the flexural strength increased as the thickness of the GFRP panels increased. After exposure to accelerated climate deterioration, the flexural strength tests showed that the residual strength increased with panel thickness and that the residual strengths were greater for specimens incorporating sand-blasted steel panels. The results of our testing show that hybrid panels incorporating sand-blasted steel were adequate for use in improved moveable weirs.

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Section: Manufacturing Of Steel/gfrp Hybrid Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Steel/GFRP Hybrid Panels for an Improved Moveable Weir after Exposure to Accelerated Natural Environmental Conditions

et al. 2019

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“…It should be noted that other adhesives that are more suitable for bonding composites to metals can be used. Okeil, et al [24] compared the performance of two types of adhesives in a recent study, where it was revealed that adhesive with ductile properties perform better in steel strengthening applications.…”

Section: Adhesive Type and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of initial panel slenderness on efficiency of Strengthening-By-Stiffening using FRP for shear deficient steel beams

Ulger

Okeil

2016

Thin-Walled Structures

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The need for strengthening steel structures is as important as it is for concrete structures, or any other aging structure. Strengthening concrete structures by externally bonding thin composite materials in the form of laminates or strips has proven to be an efficient way for enhancing the flexural, shear, and axial strength of deficient elements. Use of external bonding of thin composite material to strengthen steel structures can also be found in literature. This paper presents another effective strengthening technique in which pultruded GFRP sections are bonded to shear deficient regions to enhance the local buckling resistance of thin walled steel structures. Three steel beams with different web thicknesses were tested experimentally with and without GFRP stiffeners to study the efficiency of the new technique; Strengthening-By-Stiffening or SBS. The ultimate shear capacities of the beams were enhanced by a minimum of 30% when one stiffener was used on a beam with a square panel and a maximum of 40% for beams with larger rectangular panel with two stiffeners (one on each side). The initial global stiffness was also enhanced between 5 and 41% for the strengthened beams as a result of the externally bonding the GFRP stiffeners. Unlike the one stiffener configuration which experienced a major load drop at high load levels, the post yielding behavior of the two stiffener configuration exhibited a sustainable load capacity around the peak load without any major load drop. Strain reading from the top and bottom flanges at the loading point revealed that a sway frame mechanism became the main shear resisting mechanism after the critical panel buckled due to shear.

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“…For strengthening purposes, it is recommended the use of epoxy adhesives, since higher ductility could be achieved when compared to other adhesives [3]. When stiffeners are bonded to web panels subjected to high shear stresses, peeling forces tend to appear in adhesives and this might lead to a brittle failure [4,10] This undesirable behavior could be avoided by adding fasteners to created hybrid fail-safe joints. For these circumstances, the presence of bolts can delay the peeling stresses and the adhesives reduce the stress concentration around the bolts [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Strengthening of Slender Steel Beams Using Cold‐formed Stiffeners and Adhesives

2021

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This paper explores an alternative for strengthening shear‐deficient beams by fixing cold‐formed stiffeners with non‐welded joints at buckling‐prone regions. The usage of welds may not be suitable in slender beams as it introduces residual stresses and local distortion on the web. The cold‐formed stiffeners are disposed in diagonal orientation and its corrugate‐shaped geometry with high moment of inertia improves the out‐of‐plane stiffness of the beam web. The assessment of this method was performed in an experimental campaign which included three‐point bending tests of four beams. In two specimens, the cold‐formed stiffeners were fixed on the web by means of hybrid bonded‐bolted joints. Additionally, two control specimens were tested: a beam without diagonal stiffeners and a beam with diagonal welded‐steel plate.

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Effect of adhesive type on Strengthening-By-Stiffening for shear-deficient thin-walled steel structures

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Steel/GFRP Hybrid Panels for an Improved Moveable Weir after Exposure to Accelerated Natural Environmental Conditions

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Steel/GFRP Hybrid Panels for an Improved Moveable Weir after Exposure to Accelerated Natural Environmental Conditions

Effect of initial panel slenderness on efficiency of Strengthening-By-Stiffening using FRP for shear deficient steel beams

Shear Strengthening of Slender Steel Beams Using Cold‐formed Stiffeners and Adhesives

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