Effect of administration of water enriched in O2 by injection or electrolysis on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in anesthetized pigs

Abstract

BackgroundOral administration of oxygenated water has been shown to improve blood oxygenation and could be an alternate way for oxygen (O2) supply. In this experiment, tissue oxygenation was compared in anesthetized pigs receiving a placebo or water enriched in O2 by injection or a new electrolytic process.MethodsForty-two pigs randomized in three groups received either mineral water as placebo or water enriched in O2 by injection or the electrolytic process (10 mL/kg in the stomach). Hemodynamic parameters, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2), skin blood flow, and tissue oxygenation (transcutaneous oxygen pressure, or TcPO2) were monitored during 90 minutes of general anesthesia. Absorption and tissue distribution of the three waters administered were assessed using dilution of deuterium oxide.ResultsMean arterial pressure, heart rate, PaO2, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and water absorption from the gut were not significantly different among the three groups. The deuterium to protium ratio was also similar in the plasma, skin, and muscle at the end of the protocol. Skin blood flow decreased in the three groups. TcPO2 slowly decreased over the last 60 minutes of the experiment in the three groups, but when compared to the control group, the values remained significantly higher in animals that received the water enriched in O2 by electrolysis.ConclusionsIn this protocol, water enriched in O2 by electrolysis lessened the decline of peripheral tissue oxygenation. This observation is compatible with the claim that the electrolytic process generates water clathrates which trap O2 and facilitate O2 diffusion along pressure gradients. Potential applications of O2-enriched water include an alternate method of oxygen supply.

Apparent Km of mitochondria for oxygen computed from Vmax measured in permeabilized muscle fibers is lower in water enriched in oxygen by electrolysis than injection

“…In the course of studying the possible biological effects of a water enriched in oxygen (O 2 ) by a new electrolytic process, 1 we have recently shown that, when compared to water enriched in O 2 by injection, intragastric administration of water enriched in O 2 by electrolysis lessened the slow decline in peripheral tissue oxygenation observed in anesthetized pigs. 2 This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that O 2 diffusion can be facilitated in waters enriched in O 2 by electrolysis. It has been hypothesized that this phenomenon could be due to the fact that the electrolytic process could generate water susperstructures similar to clathrates, 3 – 5 which could trap O 2 molecules and reduce local pressure/content relationships for O 2 , thus facilitating O 2 diffusion along PO 2 gradients.…”

“…These findings are in line with our recent observation in pigs using intragastric administration of water enriched in O 2 that, when compared to the water enriched in O 2 by injection, the decrease in transcutaneous O 2 pressure, which develops during anesthesia, was slower with the water enriched in O 2 by electrolysis. 2 Although the mechanisms behind these observations have to be elucidated, they are consistent with the hypothesis that O 2 diffusion could be facilitated in water enriched in O 2 by electrolysis.…”

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

“…When compared to injection of O 2 , this process could generate water superstructures called clathrates, which could trap solutes, such as O 2 , and which can facilitate O 2 diffusion along PO 2 gradients [12][13][14]. This hypothesis is consistent with the higher tissue oxygenation observed in anaesthetized pigs [11] and the higher mitochondrial respiration observed at low PO 2 in permeabilized rat muscle fibers [10] with water enriched by electrolysis vs. injection.…”

“…The control water was enriched in O 2 by injection (10 mg•L −1 , i.e., close to the value at equilibrium with atmospheric O 2 at sea level at the temperature of ingestion (5-10 • C)). The two other waters were enriched at ~110 mg•L −1 by injection or electrolysis, as previously described [11]. Their O 2 content was found to be 116 and 109 mg•L −1 , respectively, for the water enriched in O 2 by electrolysis and injection.…”

“…It is, thus, very unlikely that increasing O 2 delivery to the blood through the gut will markedly increase PO 2 and O 2 content in arterial blood and, thus, O 2 delivery to any organ or tissue, including exercising muscles. However, we have previously studied the effects of a water enriched in O 2 , using an electrolytic process [9][10][11]. When compared to injection of O 2 , this process could generate water superstructures called clathrates, which could trap solutes, such as O 2 , and which can facilitate O 2 diffusion along PO 2 gradients [12][13][14].…”