Effect of aerobic exercise on physical performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Sobol, Nanna Aue; Hoffmann, Kristine; Frederiksen, Kristian Steen; Vogel, Asmus; Vestergaard, Karsten; Brændgaard, Hans; Gottrup, Hanne; Lolk, Annette; Wermuth, Lene; Jakobsen, Søren; Laugesen, Lars P; Gergelyffy, Robert G; Høgh, Peter; Bjerregaard, Eva; Siersma, Volkert; Andersen, Birgitte; Johannsen, Peter; Waldemar, Gunhild; Hasselbalch, Steen G.; Beyer, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.004

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Nineteen studies investigated the effect of exercise programs on gait (Table ). All except 2 were RCTs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample sizes ranged from 16 to 200 and mean age from 69.8 to 88.3, and the majority of participants were female (range 50.0-100%) except 2 studies. 43,51 Participants were recruited from aged care facilities (9 studies), outpatient clinics (5 studies), the community (4 studies), and inpatient rehabilitation (1 study). Participants were diagnosed with dementia, AD (or probable AD), or MCI.…”

Section: Exercise Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventions to Improve Gait in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Zhang

Low

Gwynn

et al. 2018

J American Geriatrics Society

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Objectives To review intervention programs that measure gait to investigate what features of the intervention may contribute to improving gait in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia. Design Systematic review using Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, PsychInfo, Amed, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed for original research published in English between January 1, 2000, and July 23, 2018, to identify interventional controlled trials. Narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Of 6,379 citations, 36 articles met inclusion criteria. Interventions were categorized as medication or medical devices (8 studies), exercise (19 studies), and exercise plus cognitive training (9 studies). Antidementia medication may improve gait variability in people with Alzheimer's disease. Exercise programs focusing on strength and balance training, especially when combined with functional mobility training, improve gait in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Exercise plus cognitive training programs combining strength and balance training, functional mobility training, and training on attention and executive function also improve gait. Conlusion Physical and cognitive factors affect gait performance, and both should be addressed in intervention programs. Physical exercises including functional mobility training, especially walking, have better results than physical programs with only static, resistance, and flexibility training. Cognitive intervention should be concomitant with physical exercises rather than separate, with a focus on attention and executive function. Combining physical training with cognitive training in a functional context may assist older adults with cognitive impairment generalize from training to everyday activity. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:381–391, 2019.

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“…Nineteen studies investigated the effect of exercise programs on gait (Table ). All except 2 were RCTs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to Improve Gait in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Zhang

Low

Gwynn

et al. 2018

J American Geriatrics Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Student's paired‐samples t ‐test was used to assess change from baseline to follow‐up within the exercise group. This was carried out to assess whether the intervention had improved the aerobic fitness and physical function of the participants, as has been shown in the whole study population [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate‐ to high‐intensity exercise does not modify cortical β‐amyloid in Alzheimer's disease

Frederiksen

Madsen

Andersen

et al. 2019

A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv

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Introduction Animal models of Alzheimer's disease show that exercise may modify β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. We examined the effect of a 16-week exercise intervention on cortical Aβ in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Methods Thirty-six patients with Alzheimer's disease were randomized to either one hour of aerobic exercise three times weekly for 16 weeks or usual care. Pre and post intervention, 11Carbon-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography was carried out to assess cortical Aβ, and quantified using standardized uptake value rations (SUVRs). Results The intervention showed no effect on follow-up SUVRs in a covariance analysis with group allocation, baseline intervention SUVR, age, sex, and baseline Mini–Mental State Examination as predictors. Change in SUVRs did not correlate with changes in measures of physical or aerobic fitness. Discussion The present findings do not support an effect of exercise on Aβ. However, the relatively short intervention period may account for a lack of efficacy. Further studies should test earlier and longer interventions.

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“…We have previously published the results of our exercise intervention on cognitive [22] and physical [23] outcomes. We found a significant effect of exercise on neuropsychiatric symptoms measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) in the intention-to-treat group.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group has previously investigated the effect of exercise in patients with mild AD in the “Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) study” [22]. In that study, for subjects who adhered to the protocol, we found a significant improvement in cognitive performance measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), neuropsychiatric symptoms [22], as well as in physical function [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry the APOE ε4 allele benefit more from physical exercise

Jensen

Simonsen

Siersma

et al. 2019

A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv

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Introduction Our group has completed an exercise study of 200 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. We found improvements in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical measures in the participants who adhered to the protocol. Epidemiological studies in healthy elderly suggest that exercise preserves cognitive and physical abilities to a higher extent in AP OE ε4 carriers. Methods In this post hoc subgroup analysis study, we investigated whether the beneficial effect of an exercise intervention in patients with mild AD was dependent on the patients' APOE genotype. Results We found that patients who were APOE ε4 carriers benefitted more from the exercise intervention by preservation of cognitive performance and improvement in physical measures. Discussion This exploratory study establishes a possible connection between the beneficial effects of exercise in AD and the patients' APOE genotype. These findings, if validated, could greatly impact the clinical management of patients with AD and those at risk for developing AD.

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Effect of aerobic exercise on physical performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: Aerobic exercise has the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, single-task physical performance, dual-task performance and exercise self-efficacy in community-dwelling patients with mild Alzheimer's disease.

Cited by 84 publications

References 53 publications

Interventions to Improve Gait in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Interventions to Improve Gait in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Moderate‐ to high‐intensity exercise does not modify cortical β‐amyloid in Alzheimer's disease

Patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry the APOE ε4 allele benefit more from physical exercise

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