Effect of aerobic training on baseline expression of signaling and respiratory proteins in human skeletal muscle

Popov, D. V.; Лысенко, Е. А.; Bokov, Roman O.; Володина, М. А.; Kurochkina, Nadia S; Makhnovskii, Pavel A.; Vyssokikh, M.Y.; Виноградова, О. Л.

doi:10.14814/phy2.13868

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Changes in the protein content of human skeletal muscle after regular exercise (2 months of aerobic exercise training) were compared with changes in baseline transcriptome profiles and with contractile activity-specific transcriptome responses to acute exercise. Previously, we showed that this training program increased ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers, and endurance performance in an incremental one-legged knee extension exercise and an incremental cycling test 7,14 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription

Makhnovskii

Zgoda

Bokov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Regular low intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic training) provides effective protection against various metabolic disorders. Here, the roles played by transient transcriptome responses to acute exercise and by changes in baseline gene expression during up-regulation of protein content in human skeletalmuscle were investigated after 2 months of aerobic training. Seven untrained males were involved in a 2 month aerobic cycling training program. Mass-spectrometry and RNA sequencing were used to evaluate proteome and transcriptome responses to training and acute exercise. We found that proteins with different functions are regulated differently at the transcriptional level; for example, a training-induced increase in the content of extracellular matrix-related proteins is regulated at the transcriptional level, while an increase in the content of mitochondrial proteins is not. An increase in the skeletal muscle content of several proteins (including mitochondrial proteins) was associated with increased protein stability, which is related to a chaperone-dependent mechanism and/or reduced regulation by proteolysis. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of protein expression in human skeletal muscle subjected to repeated stress (long term aerobic training) and may provide an opportunity to control the expression of specific proteins (e.g., extracellular matrix-related proteins, mitochondrial proteins) through physiological and/or pharmacological approaches.Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are among the most widespread diseases in Western countries. Regular low intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic training) improves insulin sensitivity, fat metabolism, and endurance. This effect is associated mainly with a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume/density, increased amounts and activity of mitochondrial enzymes, and increased fat oxidation in muscle both at rest and during low intensity exercise 1-4 . Therefore, investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation to regular aerobic exercise (aerobic training) is of fundamental importance.Acute stress (e.g., each individual exercise session) is associated with transient (over several hours) changes in gene expression in cells; hence, repeated exposure to stress leads to an increase in expression of specific proteins and cellular functions 5,6 . However, regular aerobic exercise is associated not only with a transient transcriptome response after each exercise session, but also with a pronounced change in expression of a large number of genes under baseline conditions 7-9 . Therefore, both repeated responses to acute exercise and changes in baseline gene expression might regulate the tissue content of different proteins. Recent studies examined the role of baseline mRNA levels in regulating proteins in cells [see the review 6 ] and, to a lesser extent, in various human tissues 10-12 . However, to the best of our knowledge, only one study has examined the role of mR...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription

Makhnovskii

Zgoda

Bokov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…FOXO1 is an important regulator of ubiquitin-and autophagylysosomal-dependent proteolysis within skeletal muscle. In our previous paper (31), we showed that the long-term aerobic training increases baseline phosphorylation of FOXO1 Ser256 (a marker of deactivation of this transcription factor). The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in regulating biogenesis of mitochondria by ubiquitinating maturing mitochondrial proteins in the cell cytoplasm and in various mitochondrial compartments (2,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Contractile activity-specific transcriptome response to acute endurance exercise and training in human skeletal muscle

Popov

Makhnovskii

Shagimardanova

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Reduction in daily activity leads to dramatic metabolic disorders, while regular aerobic exercise training is effective for preventing this problem. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are directly related to contractile activity in human skeletal muscle, regardless of the level of fitness. Transcriptome changes after the one-legged knee extension exercise in exercised and contralateral nonexercised vastus lateralis muscle of seven men were evaluated by RNA-seq. Transcriptome change at baseline after 2 mo of aerobic training (5/wk, 1 h/day) was evaluated as well. Postexercise changes in the transcriptome of exercised muscle were associated with different factors, including circadian oscillations. To reveal transcriptome response specific for endurance-like contractile activity, differentially expressed genes between exercised and nonexercised muscle were evaluated at 1 and 4 h after the one-legged exercise. The contractile activity-specific transcriptome responses were associated only with an increase in gene expression and were regulated mainly by CREB/ATF/AP1-, MYC/MAX-, and E2F-related transcription factors. Endurance training-induced changes (an increase or decrease) in the transcriptome at baseline were more pronounced than transcriptome responses specific for acute contractile activity. Changes after training were associated with widely different biological processes than those after acute exercise and were regulated by different transcription factors (IRF- and STAT-related factors). In conclusion, adaptation to regular exercise is associated not only with a transient (over several hours) increase in expression of many contractile activity-specific genes, but also with a pronounced change (an increase or decrease) in expression of a large number of genes under baseline conditions.

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“…Mitochondrial biogenesis is an important adaptation to increase the oxidative capacity of the contracting muscle (Fritzen et al 2019 ; Holloszy 1967 ; Perry et al 2010 ), and requires a coordinated expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and genes encoded in the mitochondrial genome (Holloszy 2008 ; Hood 2001 ). Transcription regulators (TFAM) and co-activators (PGC1-alpha) are important in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and adaptation to endurance exercise (Olesen et al 2010 ), and have been shown to increase with 2–8 weeks of endurance training (Egan et al 2013 ; Popov et al 2018 ). Translational expression of TFAM protein content is associated with its transient increases in mRNA expression after each exercise bout (Popov et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbohydrate–protein supplementation on endurance training adaptations

et al. 2020

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Purpose To examine the influence of post-exercise protein feeding upon the adaptive response to endurance exercise training. Methods In a randomised parallel group design, 25 healthy men and women completed 6 weeks of endurance exercise training by running on a treadmill for 30–60 min at 70–75% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 4 times/week. Participants ingested 1.6 g per kilogram of body mass (g kg BM−1) of carbohydrate (CHO) or an isocaloric carbohydrate–protein solution (CHO-P; 0.8 g carbohydrate kg BM−1 + 0.8 g protein kg BM−1) immediately and 1 h post-exercise. Expired gas, blood and muscle biopsy samples were taken at baseline and follow-up. Results Exercise training improved VO2max in both groups (p ≤ 0.001), but this increment was not different between groups either in absolute terms or relative to body mass (0.2 ± 0.2 L min−1 and 3.0 ± 2 mL kg−1 min−1, respectively). No change occurred in plasma albumin concentration from baseline to follow-up with CHO-P (4.18 ± 0.18 to 4.23 ± 0.17 g dL−1) or CHO (4.17 ± 0.17 to 4.12 ± 0.22 g dL−1; interaction: p > 0.05). Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene expression was up-regulated in CHO-P (+ 46%; p = 0.025) relative to CHO (+ 4%) following exercise training. Conclusion Post-exercise protein supplementation up-regulated the expression of mTOR in skeletal muscle over 6 weeks of endurance exercise training. However, the magnitude of improvement in VO2max was similar between groups.

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Effect of aerobic training on baseline expression of signaling and respiratory proteins in human skeletal muscle

Cited by 25 publications

References 72 publications

Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription

Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription

Contractile activity-specific transcriptome response to acute endurance exercise and training in human skeletal muscle

Effect of carbohydrate–protein supplementation on endurance training adaptations

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