Effect of Aerosol Age on the Infectivity of AirbornePasteurella tularensisforMacaca mulattaand Man

Abstract

Effect of aerosol age on the infectivity of airborne Pasteurella tularensis for Macaca mulatta and man. J. Bacteriol. 91:2180-2184. 1966.-In aging aerosols of Pasteurella tularensis SCHU-S4, the respiratory infectivity for man and Macaca mulatta decreased more rapidly than the viability of the organisms. Infectivity was diminished after 120 min, and was reduced 10-fold after 180 min. These findings confirmed previous observations made in mice and guinea pigs, and also revealed that smaller losses of infectivity were detectable in the primate hosts.

A dose and time response Markov model for the in-host dynamics of infection with intracellular bacteria following inhalation: with application toFrancisella tularensis

“…a 'point of no return'-see later). In order to assess the validity of the model, results are also plotted from a number of experimental studies involving human infection with aerosolized Schu S4 [32,33,[41][42][43][44] (in [42], the inoculum is aged prior to delivery). Note that none of these data has been used within the parametrization of the model.…”

“…As further verification, the median number of bacteria-containing phagocytes at the time of illness for the simulation results is assessed and found to be within an order of magnitude of the deterministic solution (equation (2.3) into equation (2.2)) at all doses. For comparison, data from a number of relevant studies involving human infection with aerosolized Schu S4 [32,33,[41][42][43][44] are included within figure 5. Also included is the log-linear relation (equation (1.3)) obtained in [13] by fitting specifically to the data of [32,33].…”

“…However, for the time from bacterial uptake to cell death and the associated release of bacteria (birth), a simple incell mechanistic model (based on a pure birth process with saturation of available nutrients) suggests that the variance is being overestimated by the exponential distribution. In other areas, however, the variability may well be underestimated, because the model fails to account for variability in other sources that can affect dispersion, such as bacterial age [42], diameter [7,51], agglutination, number retained and deposition site [23].…”

Antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy of airborne tularemia.

“…to infection with airborne F. tularensis, he has ise the timing of the institution of treat-better defense mechanisms than M. mulatta; e.g., ay have important bearing on the effective-the human respiratory infectious dose is about prophylaxis of intracellular infection three times that of monkeys (15), and untreated tracycline prophylaxis of Q fever merely airborne tularemia has a mortality of less than 50% in man (13) but is usually fatal in monkeys.…”

Experimental Tularemia in Macaca mulatta: Relationship of Aerosol Particle Size to the Infectivity of Airborne Pasteurella tularensis

“…Experiments have been reported in which both 1 Present address: Biological Defense Research Laboratory, Defense Materiel Director, Detection and Warning Division, Aberdeen Proving Grounds (Edgewood Area), Md. 21010. animals and man have been infected by exposure to artificially produced aerosols containing P. tularensis (4,13,17,(21)(22)(23)(24). In the majority of these studies, however, the particle size distributions of the aerosols were relatively heterogeneous, and it was difficult to ascertain the role of particle size in establishing infection.…”