Effect of aerosolized albuterol sulfate on resting energy expenditure determined by use of open-flow indirect calorimetry in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Mazan, Melissa R.; Hoffman, Andrew M.; Kuehn, Heike; Deveney, Edward

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.235

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Further studies should focus on the course of the evaluated markers during therapy to evaluate their use in followup after therapy or during long-term-therapy and to evaluate the success of established, but also of new therapeutic approaches for chronic respiratory disease. Winder N. C., Grünig G., Hermann M., von Fellenberg R. Ainsworth et al 2002, Gerber et al 2003, aber auch zur therapeutischen Beeinflussung der Exazerbation (Jackson et al 2000, Robinson et al 2000aund 2000b, Rush et al 2000, Henrikson und Rush 2001, Leguillette et al 2002, Robinson et al 2002aund 2002b, Picandet et al 2003, Mazan et al 2003, Rickards et al 2003) nicht vollständig geklärt. Auch wenn sich Hinweise auf einen Th-2 basierte Hypersensitivitäts-reaktion vom Allergietyp IV häufen (Lavoie et al 2001, Beadle et al 2002, Cordeau et al 2004 (Klier et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…The immunologic background of RAO remains not fully elucidated despite many studies on the pathogenesis (Lindberg et al 2002, Ainsworth et al 2003, Ainsworth et al 2002, Gerber et al 2003) and the therapeutic approach to exacerbation (Jackson et al 2000, Robinson et al 2000aund 2000b, Rush et al 2000, Henrikson und Rush 2001, Leguillette et al 2002, Robinson et al 2002aund 2002b, Picandet et al 2003, Mazan et al 2003, Rikkards et al 2003. Althouh evidence for a Th-2 based hypersensitivity reaction of allergy type-IV tends to overwhelm (Lavoie et al 2001, Beadle et al 2002, Cordeau et al 2004, there is also evidence for a Th-1 based immunologic background of the disease.…”

Section: Local Inflammatory Markers In Tw and Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Barton¹,

Shety²,

Wirth³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Over the last years local and systemic inflammatory markers of chronic pneumopathies have gained increasing interest in research, as the pathogenesis of Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) remains not fully elucidated in several details. In human medicine, Asthma bronchiale and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been found to be influenced by systemic inflammatory processes and the other way around. Inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as extracellular remodeling show close interactions. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is commonly used to evaluate the severity of local inflammation in the lung. Interleukins involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils like Interleukin 8, 17 and 23 have been studied. Chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, ultimately causing fibrosis. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are discussed as the most important proteolytic enzymes during remodeling in human medicine. In the horse, MMP 9 seems to be a central player in chronic respiratory disease as well. A systemic involvement has been shown for RAO by increased acute-phaseproteins like serumamyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation. Studies focusing on these and further possible inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in the horse are discussed in this review of literature.Keywords: Inflammatory markers / horse / respiratory disease / recurrent airway obstruction / RAO / Diagnostischer Wert verschiedener Entzündungsmarker bei chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes -eine ÜbersichtIn den letzten Jahren häufen sich Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen lokalen und systemischen Entzündungsmarkern bei chronischen Pneumopathien des Pferdes, da das Verständnis der Pathogenese von Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) und Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) weiterhin nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Ein Blick in die Humanmedizin zeigt, dass das Asthma bronchiale und die Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) durchaus in Zusammenhang stehen mit systemischen inflammatorischen Prozessen, so dass sich die lokalen Prozesse in der Lunge und systemische Entzündungsreaktionen gegenseitig beinflussen. Entzündung, Koagulation und Fibrinolyse sowie das extrazelluläre Remodelling sind eng miteinander verknüft. Zytologische Untersuchungen der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit und des Tracheobronchialsekrets stellen die gebräuchlichste Methode dar, den Schweregrad der lokalen Entzündung zu beurteilen. Hierbei ergeben sich Zusammenhänge zu Interleukinen, die an der Chemotaxis neutrophiler Granulozyten beteiligt sind, wie beispielsweise Interleukin 8, 17 und 23. Chronisch obstruktive Pneumopathien führen langfristig zu chronischen Umbauprozessen der Bronchienwände und des Lungenparenchyms (Remodelling), die mit der Bildung von Fibrosen einhergehen. Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMPs) gelten in der Humanmedizin als wichtigste proteolytische Enzyme bei diesem Remodelling und auch...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Local Inflammatory Markers In Tw and Balfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Barton¹,

Shety²,

Wirth³

et al. 2014

PHK

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“…Horses were fasted for 12 h before the commencement of physiological testing on the morning of day 2. Each horse was administered xylazine (0.5 mg/kg iv, Rompun, Bayer, Shawnee Mission, KS) and allowed to rest for 10 min (32). Then, O 2 consumption (V O2) and CO2 production (V CO2) were measured, and respiratory quotient (RQ) and REE were calculated by use of indirect calorimetry during a 15-to 20-min period (10 min for equilibration and 5-10 min for data collection).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During measurement of REE, sedation was judged to be adequate when there was a lack of voluntary movement (e.g., head tossing, foot movements, tail swishing) throughout the testing period and when horses were quiet and nonresponsive to minor noises and movements within the laboratory (32).…”

Section: Assessment Of Sedationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanical work of breathing in RAO horses has been demonstrated to be greater than in normal horses (36), whether this causes cachexia is unclear. Our laboratory previously reported that acute bronchodilation of mildly affected RAO horses with the ␤ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist albuterol sulfate results in small decreases in both respiratory resistance and REE, without any correlation between the degree of bronchodilation and the decrease in REE (32). To determine the contribution of pulmonary dysfunction to tissue wasting in RAO horses, we sought to measure pulmonary function, energy expenditure, body condition score, and body composition in a group of horses with naturally occurring, severe, and chronic RAO both compared with a group of control horses and after bronchodilation.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Energetic cost of breathing, body composition, and pulmonary function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Mazan¹,

Deveney²,

DeWitt³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study was conducted to determine whether horses with naturally occurring, severe chronic recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) 1). have a greater resting energy expenditure (REE) than control horses, 2). suffer body mass depletion, and 3). have significantly decreased REE after bronchodilation and, therefore, also 4). whether increased work of breathing contributes to the cachexia seen in some horses with RAO. Six RAO horses and six control horses underwent indirect calorimetric measures of REE and pulmonary function testing using the esophageal balloon-pneumotachograph method before and after treatment with ipratropium bromide, a parasympatholytic bronchodilator agent, at 4-h intervals for a 24-h period. Body condition scoring was performed, and an estimate of fat mass was determined via B-mode ultrasonography. O(2) and CO(2) fractions, respiratory airflow, respiratory rate, and pleural pressure changes were recorded, and O(2) consumption, CO(2) production, REE, pulmonary resistance, dynamic elastance, and tidal volume were calculated. In addition, we performed lung function testing and calorimetry both before and after sedation in two control horses. RAO horses had significantly lower body condition scores (2.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 6.4 +/- 1.2) and significantly greater O(2) consumption than controls (4.93 +/- 1.30 vs. 2.93 +/- 0.70 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)). After bronchodilation, there was no significant difference in O(2) consumption between RAO horses and controls, although there remained evidence of residual airway obstruction. There was a strong correlation between O(2) consumption and indexes of airway obstruction. Xylazine sedation was not associated with changes in pulmonary function but did result in markedly decreased REE in controls.

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Gastrointestinal system

Munsterman¹

2017

Nutritional Management of Equine Diseases and Special Cases

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Effect of aerosolized albuterol sulfate on resting energy expenditure determined by use of open-flow indirect calorimetry in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Energetic cost of breathing, body composition, and pulmonary function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Gastrointestinal system

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