Effect of age of growing turkeys on digesta viscosity and nutrient digestibility of maize, wheat, barley and oats fed as such or with enzyme supplementation

Palander, Samu; Näsi, Matti; Järvinen, Sari

doi:10.1080/17450390500148071

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There is association between extent of digesta-viscosity reduction and improvement in protein digestibility (Palander et al, 2005). Many others have also reported improvement in N (Yang et al, 2010) and amino acid digestibility (Boguhn and Rodehutscord, 2010) in response to carbohydrase supplementation.…”

Section: Carbohydrasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals

Asmare¹

2014

Int. J. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Res.

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Some nutrients in livestock feed may not be fully digested by animals own digestive enzymes, and hence important nutrients are unavailable to the animal. Although, supplementation of enzymes to farm animals has shown to increase the digestibility of poorly digested diets to a much greater extent. By targeting specific anti-nutrients in certain feed ingredients, feed enzymes allow especially pigs and poultry to extract more nutrients from the feed and so improve feed efficiency. Enzymes are most commonly used when the dietary ingredients contain relatively higher amounts of fiber. The classification of enzymes is usually according to the substrates they act upon and the classification can be enzymes that break down fiber, proteins, starch and phytate. Appropriate use of exogenous enzymes in feeds requires strategic reductions in dietary energy and nutrient content, as well as careful choice of feed ingredients to capture economic benefits of the various enzymes. The efficacy of enzymes will vary depending on ingredients because nutrient and energy release caused by enzyme supplementation will depend on the structure of the feedstuff itself. It is important to continue the effort to understand the use and limitations of matrix values of enzymes, which, if inappropriately applied, will result in depressed performance because of inadequacy of diets or will lead to wastage of resources.

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Section: Carbohydrasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals

Asmare¹

2014

Int. J. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Res.

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“…The current study also observed decreased d0-21 LWG and FCR when the NC was supplemented with an NSPase. This is in agreement with Barrios and coauthors [48]. While these authors found that the addition of NSPase can improve growth performance of broilers fed a cornsoybean meal based diet, it was also noted that when dietary treatments were reduced in energy and protein, the NSPase was unable to compensate, and feed efficiency decreased.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Wheat utilized in the PC_2, NC and AC1 diets was ground using a roller mill. All diets were fed in mash form and particle size was determined using a Ro-Tap Particle Size Analyzer [48] ( Table 3). Complete feed samples for each treatment were collected post-enzyme addition for proximate analysis and β-glucanase activity ( Table 3).…”

Section: Feed Manufacture and Diet Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Effects of Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on Broiler Growth

Ayres¹

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Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes in poultry diets. In Chapter 4, a study was conducted to determine the effects of a corn-expressed recombinant carbohydrase (AC1) on broiler performance and digesta viscosity in high non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) diets through 21 days of age. One day-old Hubbard × Cobb 500 chicks were assigned to 6 dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of 12 replicate pens of 10 birds. The positive control diet (PC) was a corn and soybean meal formulation. The negative control diet (NC) included 10% wheat and 10% corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The NC contained 100 kcal/kg less ME than the PC. Increasing inclusions of AC1 were applied to the NC to contain 50, 100, 200, and 400 U β-glucanase (β-Glu-U) per kg of feed. Preliminary experiments demonstrated AC1 homogeneity and stability post pelleting. Live weight gain (LWG) was the highest for PC fed birds from 1 to 14 d; however, birds fed NC with 400 β-Glu-U/kg also had similar LWG as the PC. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 1 to 21 was lowest for PC fed birds; however, birds fed NC with 400 β-Glu-U/kg also had similar FCR as PC. Birds fed NC had lower LWG and higher viscosity than birds fed PC on day 14, but not on day 21. However, birds supplemented with 200 or 400 β-Glu-U/kg had similar 14 d digesta viscosity as birds fed PC. These data indicate that NSP ingredients may have a greater impact on digesta viscosity early in broiler growth and that AC1 at 200 and 400 β-Glu-U/kg produced similar results to PC. A second study was then conducted (Chapter 2) to further investigate the effects of AC1 on dietary and intestinal viscosity and broiler performance when included in a high NSP diet. Nine hundred sixty, Hubbard x Ross 708, day-old, male broiler chicks were fed one of eight dietary treatments for 21d. Diets included a corn-soybean meal based diet (PC_1) and a diet of similar essential nutrient density, but with a 10% inclusion of both wheat and DDGS (PC_2) and a negative control (NC) with similar ingredients as PC_2, but with ME reduced by 125 kcal/kg. Additional treatments had varying levels of AC1, supplying 50, 100, 200, 400, or 600 U β-Glucanase (β-Glu-U) per kg of feed, mixed into the NC diet. Dietary and digesta (d14) viscosity and weekly bird performance were measured. The inclusion of AC1 at 50-400 β-Glu-U/kg reduced FCR equivalent to PC_1. The results also showed that intestinal viscosity was correlated to d1-21 FCR and inversely correlated to d1-21 LWG. This study demonstrates that AC1 can reduce intestinal viscosity and improve early FCR in birds fed high viscosity diets and that an in vitro viscosity assay may be used to predict in vivo response. In Chapter 3, a study was conducted to determine digestible amino acid concentrations and broiler performance of diets that vary in amino acid concentration and enzyme inclusion. Treatments included a PC (100% amino acid recommendations), NC (85% amino acid recommendations), and six additional diets containing commerciall...

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“…Differences in the effect of enzymes on feed or dietary energy may be related to the amount of substrate available to the enzyme, availability of energy from the ingredient itself, or both (Adeola and Cowieson, 2011). According to Palander et al (2005), the improvement in energy from cereal grains with carbohydrase supplementation can be masked when the energy value of the cereal grain is high. Similarly, in the study of Adeola et al (2008), the carbohydrate improved ME in diets with reduced energy, but not in diets with higher ME.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylanase for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old

et al. 2019

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Non-ruminants Full-length research article Xylanase for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old ABSTRACT-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of two xylanases in the diet of meat-type quail on performance, morphology of the intestinal mucosa, metabolization of nutrients, and carcass yield. The experimental design was a completely randomized 2×3+1 factorial arrangement [two metabolisable energy reductions (70 and 140 kcal/kg), with or without the inclusion of two xylanases (A and B), plus a control treatment without xylanase), totalling seven treatments with five replicates and 42 quail each. Total excreta were collected at 28 days of age to determine the metabolisable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and gross energy (GE). There was no interaction between the energetic reductions and inclusion of xylanases on performance variables of the birds. The 70 kcal/kg reduction led to better results for feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion, while the 140 kcal/kg reduction led to worse results. In terms of jejunum morphometry, there was no interaction between energy reductions and inclusion of xylanases, although xylanases increased villi height and villus:crypt ratio. There was an interaction between energy reduction and inclusion of enzymes for the metabolisability coefficients of CP, NDF, and GE, leading to improvements in these coefficients. Xylanases A and B are effective in energy-reduced corn and soybean meal diets for 15 to 35-day-old quail.

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Effect of age of growing turkeys on digesta viscosity and nutrient digestibility of maize, wheat, barley and oats fed as such or with enzyme supplementation

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals

Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals

Evaluating the Effects of Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation on Broiler Growth

Xylanase for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old

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