Effect of Age, Sex and Pregnancy on Levels of Urinary Inhibitors of mineralization in Human Beings

Abstract

Background

A 13 year hospital based study on the Trend of Urinary Stone Disease in Uttarakhand, India

“…However, in Muslims, the highest male/ female ratio occurred in the population having age between 41-60 years ( Table-5 ). The above observation gets supported from the study on urinary inhibitors, which demonstrated that differences in the concentration of inhibitors of mineralization present in the urine samples of male and females was found to be minimum in children and patients of more than 60 years of age as compared to the patients having age between 20-40 years [ 18 ]. These differences, in the level of urinary inhibitors, were postulated to be due to the difference in the level of sex hormones present in different age groups.…”

“…The present study further revealed that in all the religions, males were found to be 3 times more prone to the formation of urinary stones as compared to their female counterparts ( Tables 1-2 & Fig-1 ).The above observation is in complete agreement with the conclusion drawn on the prevalence of the disease in the sexes based upon the concentration of biomolecules, present in the urine of both the sexes, which act as potent inhibitors of in vitro inhibitors mineralization. These studies [ 17 , 18 ] demonstrated that the level of urinary inhibitor of in vitro mineralization is three times higher in female renal stones patients as compared to their male counter parts of the identical age group. In both the sexes trend of urinary stones seems to increase with time ( Fig-1 ).Interestingly with respect to the percentage of occurrence of stones within sexes, as compared to the males (73.1%) more females (82.97%) were found to have urinary stones in Hindus and least in the case of Sikhs where 12.6 percent males and 2.64 percent females were found to have urinary stones.…”

Antidiabetic Activity of 40 Plants of the Senegalese Flora, an Important Therapeutic Diversity for Populations

“…In addition, diabetes millitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries, and continues to increase in number and significance due to the changing lifestyles that lead to the reduction of physical activity and increase of obesity [7]. Interestingly, the WHO also projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030 [10]. At present, different approaches are used to control DM using modern synthetic antidiabetic drugs in addition to lifestyle modification.…”