Effect of Aging on Brain Injury Prediction in Rotational Head Trauma—A Parameter Study with a Rat Finite Element Model

Antona‐Makoshi, Jacobo; Eliasson, Erik; Davidsson, Johan; Ejima, Susumu; Ono, Ken

doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1021416

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It might also be due to the fact that the occipital corpus callosum has a lower axon density [57]. The pattern of axonal injury produced by the rotational model of injury used in this study is in line with that produced by the rat finite-element model of rotation head trauma at similar levels of head acceleration [58]. Interestingly, Li et al show opposite findings, i.e., APP is expressed abundantly primarily in the occipital corpus callosum, when investigating trauma produced by coronal rotation and lateral translation of the rats' heads [59].…”

Section: Axonal Injury In Tbisupporting

confidence: 75%

Diffuse Axonal Injury in the Rat Brain: Axonal Injury and Oligodendrocyte Activity Following Rotational Injury

2020

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results in primary diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and associated secondary injuries that evolve through a cascade of pathological mechanisms. We aim at assessing how myelin and oligodendrocytes react to head angular-acceleration-induced TBI in a previously described model. This model induces axonal injuries visible by amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, predominantly in the corpus callosum and its borders. Brain tissue from a total of 27 adult rats was collected at 24 h, 72 h and 7 d post-injury. Coronal sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry and RNAscope® to investigate DAI and myelin changes (APP, MBP, Rip), oligodendrocyte lineage cell loss (Olig2), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) (NG2, PDGFRa) and neuronal stress (HSP70, ATF3). Oligodendrocytes and OPCs numbers (expressed as percentage of positive cells out of total number of cells) were measured in areas with high APP expression. Results showed non-statistically significant trends with a decrease in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and an increase in OPCs. Levels of myelination were mostly unaltered, although Rip expression differed significantly between sham and injured animals in the frontal brain. Neuronal stress markers were induced at the dorsal cortex and habenular nuclei. We conclude that rotational injury induces DAI and neuronal stress in specific areas. We noticed indications of oligodendrocyte death and regeneration without statistically significant changes at the timepoints measured, despite indications of axonal injuries and neuronal stress. This might suggest that oligodendrocytes are robust enough to withstand this kind of trauma, knowledge important for the understanding of thresholds for cell injury and post-traumatic recovery potential.

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Section: Axonal Injury In Tbisupporting

confidence: 75%

Diffuse Axonal Injury in the Rat Brain: Axonal Injury and Oligodendrocyte Activity Following Rotational Injury

2020

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“…The change in structure, chemistry, and mechanical properties throughout an organism’s life is relevant when investigating brain trauma using finite element models, as the mechanical properties used in these models need to be corrected for the age of the subject 45 . Furthermore, Duhaime et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue

MacManus

Pierrat

Murphy

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Traumatic brain injuries, the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults, are the result of a rapid acceleration or impact of the head. In recent years, a global effort to better understand the biomechanics of TBI has been undertaken, with many laboratories creating detailed computational models of the head and brain. For these models to produce realistic results they require accurate regional constitutive data for brain tissue. However, there are large differences in the mechanical properties reported in the literature. These differences are likely due to experimental parameters such as specimen age, brain region, species, test protocols, and fiber direction which are often not reported. Furthermore, there is a dearth of reported viscoelastic properties for brain tissue at large-strain and high rates. Mouse, rat, and pig brains are impacted at 10/s to a strain of ~36% using a custom-built micro-indenter with a 125 μm radius. It is shown that the resultant mechanical properties are dependent on specimen-age, species, and region, under identical experimental parameters.

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“…Elongation of bridging veins (BVs) was chosen as the predictor for ASDH in both studies, showing that decreased brain volume resulted in larger maximum elongation of BVs in occipital and temporal impacts. Later, Antona-Makoshi and associates 15 developed two FE rat models, representing young adult rat and its older counterpart. Both models were subjected to injurious levels of rotational accelerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Previous numerical studies suggest that precise brain-skull interface modelling approach in the FE head model is essential for accurate ASDH prediction. [17][18][19] Among the aforementioned FE models, the brain-skull interaction modeling approaches vary from representing the CSF as an incompressible material with low shear modulus 15 to more complex contact algorithms including sliding-only contact 11 and tied contact. 12,13 Of all these approaches, the fluid properties of the CSF and the potential of impacted-induced CSF flow within the subarachnoid space are ignored since CSF is consistently modelled as 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of Acute Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Study

Zhou

Kleiven

2019

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) due to bridging vein (BV) rupture is a frequent and lethal head injury, especially in the elderly. Brain atrophy has been hypothesized to be a primary pathogenesis associated with the increased risk of ASDH in the elderly. Though decades of biomechanical endeavours have been made to elucidate the potential mechanisms, a thorough explanation for this hypothesis appears lacking. Thus, a recently improved finite element head model, in which the brain-skull interface was modelled using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach with special treatment of the cerebrospinal fluid as arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid formulation, is used to partially address this understanding gap. Models with various degrees of atrophied brains and thereby different subarachnoid thicknesses are generated and subsequently exposed to experimentally determined loadings known to cause ASDH or not. The results show significant increases in the cortical relative motion and BV strain in the atrophied brain, which consequently exacerbates the ASDH risk in the elderly. Results of this study are suggested to be considered while developing age-adapted protecting strategies for the elderly in the future.

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Effect of Aging on Brain Injury Prediction in Rotational Head Trauma—A Parameter Study with a Rat Finite Element Model

Abstract: The findings presented in this study suggest that age-specific injury thresholds should be developed to enable the development of superior restraint systems for the elderly. The findings also motivate other further studies on age-dependency of head trauma.

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Diffuse Axonal Injury in the Rat Brain: Axonal Injury and Oligodendrocyte Activity Following Rotational Injury

Diffuse Axonal Injury in the Rat Brain: Axonal Injury and Oligodendrocyte Activity Following Rotational Injury

Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue

Biomechanics of Acute Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Study

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