a b s t r a c tIn the present paper, the heat treatment effect on A356.0, a cast aluminum alloy which has been widely used in diesel engine cylinder heads, is investigated under out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue and low cycle fatigue (at different temperatures) loadings. A typical heat treatment is applied to the material including 8 h solution at 535°C, water quench and 3 h ageing at 180°C. The experimental fatigue results show that the heat treatment process has considerable influence on mechanical and low cycle fatigue behaviors, especially at room temperature, but its effect on thermo-mechanical fatigue lifetime is not significant. The improvement in the strength can be explained by the dislocation theory. Under thermomechanical fatigue loadings, the difference between the fatigue lifetime of A356.0 alloy and A356.0-T6 alloy decreases when the temperature range increases. In this condition, plastic strain increases severely during the fatigue cycles in A356.0-T6 alloy due to over-ageing phenomenon and therefore, the amount of cyclic softening in heat treated alloy is more.