Effect of Agricultural By-Products as a Carbon Source in a Biofloc-Based System on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Hepatopancreas Histology, and Gut Bacterial Load of Litopenaeus vannamei Post Larvae

Abstract

The present study evaluated the influence of different commercial agricultural by-products as a carbon source in a bifloc-based (BFT) culture system on growth performance, whole-body proximate composition, digestive enzyme activities, gut microbial abundance, and hepatopancreas histology of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae (Pls). Three groups were designed, the first group was the control group, where the shrimp was reared in clear water (without carbon source addition and water exchange rate of 100% two times a week) and fed with a commercial diet, in the second and third groups shrimp were reared in BFT systems using two different carbon sources, sugarcane bagasse (SB) and rice bran (RB) without additional feeding or water exchange. The initial stocking density was 16 Pls/liter with an average individual shrimp weight of 0.01 ± 0.002g and age (PL20). The experiment lasted 90 days. The water quality parameters were maintained at optimum levels during the experiment. The final body weight and specific growth rate of shrimp were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher in the control group than those reared in both SB and RB-based BFT. Meanwhile, the survival rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BFT groups than in the control. The protease activity in shrimp stomach did not differ significantly. Meanwhile, protease, lipase, and amylase in the intestine showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in BFT groups than those obtained in the control group. The total heterotrophic bacteria were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BFT groups. Furthermore, the hepatopancreas histological status of shrimp reared in the SB-based BFT group showed an increase in the hepatopancreas tubules in the distal and B-cell zones (blister-like cells) by 16.83 and 34.89%, respectively, compared to the control. This study revealed that BFT could be used as a natural feed without artificial diets, which influenced the gut microbiota of shrimp, increased digestive enzyme activities, as well as improved the histological structure of the hepatopancreas of shrimp. However, the success of this conditions under high stocking density still needs more investigation.

Impact of Dietary Administration of Seaweed Polysaccharide on Growth, Microbial Abundance, and Growth and Immune-Related Genes Expression of The Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…The Pacific Whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) is most frequently grown worldwide, achieving more than 70% of all worldwide shrimp cultivation [ 7 , 8 ]. To sustain the shrimp industry worldwide, many issues must be resolved, such as poor water quality, low survivability, and diet industry improvement [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Moreover, climate change and the negative impact of environmental pollution are significant problems restricting the sustainability of aquaculture, fisheries, aquatic ecosystems, and aquatic animals so far [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Effects of Substituting the Two-Spotted Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) Meal for Fish Meal on Growth Performances and Digestibility of Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Juveniles

“…With the continued growth of aquaculture worldwide, it is essential to search for alternative fish meal sources to guarantee the future development of the aquafeed industry [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Aquafeeds, in general, have considerably relied on fish meal (FM), which is an optimal protein source to ensure fast growth and good health of farmed fish, especially in carnivorous species [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Productive performance of tilapia females, Oreochromis niloticus, under different farming methods.

“…En la BFT se requiere la adición constante de una fuente de carbono orgánico, generalmente melaza, para ajustar la proporción C:N en el sistema con el propósito de mantener una comunidad microbiana deseable, pero con la consecuente acumulación excesiva de sedimentos en el fondo de los tanques, así como incrementos significativos en las concentraciones de amonio en el agua durante las primeras semanas de cultivo (13,14,15). En el método denominado "aquamimicry" no se requiere el ajuste constante de la proporción C:N, ya que ésta depende de la fermentación Estrada-Godinez et al -Desempeño productivo de hembras de tilapia de sustratos vegetales, principalmente cascarilla de arroz, cascarilla de trigo y harina de soya como fuentes de carbono.…”