Effect of agroforestry and time on soil and water conservation of sloping red soil in southeastern China

Abstract

Soil and water loss from plots were recorded over five years (2001 to 2005) in an experiment comparing five different agricultural treatments on sloping red soil. Results showed that Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cover was an important factor for soil preservation, despite the presence of citrus tree planting or alley cropping in plots. The traditional rotation system (soybean [Glycine max L.]-radish [Raphanus sativus L.]) was shown to be unsuitable for soil and water conservation. However, changing crops should not be conducted during the period of high rainfall intensity. The effect of contour tillage was more significant than downslope tillage. Rainfall and rainfall erosivity did not differ significantly during the investigation period, whereas soil erosion decreased significantly over time. Planting citrus trees with Bahia grass cover generated the least runoff and sediment yield and showed a significant decreasing erosive trend with time. Thus, it proves to be an excellent choice for conserving soil and water resources on the red slopes of southeastern China.

Site Type Division and Evaluation of the Waste Dump in an Arid Open-Pit Mining Area—Taking the Treated Waste Dump in Wuhai City as an Example

“…Since the selected site factors include both qualitative and quantitative factors, and the ranges and magnitudes of values are not consistent, this study used a field survey to quantify and standardize the site factors in order to eliminate the influence of the ranges and magnitudes of the values, so that the results are comparable. The quantification of site factors used the degree of influence on the strength of vegetation recovery to assign a score to each factor (Zhao, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;Li et al, 2015) and the quantification of the factors is shown in Table 1.…”

“…In this study, according to the special topography of the mine waste dump, the index evaluation system was established by combining the factors of topography, soil and vegetation. The factor analysis method (Li et al, 2015) was used to quantify and standardize the site factors based on the factor quantification in Table 1 along with the extreme difference standard method, and then the weights of each factor were determined and finally calculate the composite score by the weights. The formula is as follows:…”

“…The classification and evaluation of site types is an important method to understand the influence of the site environment on vegetation growth status (Teng et al, 2009). Most studies on the classification and evaluation of site types at home and abroad are aimed at forested sites (Rolando et al, 2009;Resende et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2021a;Zhang et al, 2021b), and there are only a few studies on relatively non-forested sites that focus on abandoned sites (Wang and Bi, 2012;Li et al, 2015), highway side slopes (Luo et al, 2017;Zhai, 2019), and urban destroyed hills (Zhao, 2008;Wang et al, 2009). Due to the increasing intensity of coal mining in recent years and the serious damage it causes to the ecological environment, research on the ecological restoration of mining areas in China has made some progress.…”

“…There is currently a lack of research on the evaluation of mine waste dump site quality, and more attention is given to the site quality evaluation methods of the forest-free sites. The most commonly used methods for site quality evaluation include hierarchical analysis methods (Yu and Huang, 2012) and factor analysis (Li et al, 2015). In order to accelerate the revegetation of mine waste dumps, an indexing system of site type classification and evaluation is established in this study by taking the managed mine waste dump in Wuhai City as an example, and its special site conditions are assessed through the classification and evaluation of site types of the waste dump.…”

Prediction of sedimentation using integration of RS, RUSLE model and GIS in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia

“…After a reversal linear transformation derived from training samples, the relationship between C and NDVI can be establish [18]. Meanwhile, the values of P was estimated and assigned to the corresponding land cover using Spot image 2010 of Cameron Highlands.…”