During the past decade, research and development activities on pomegranate fruit were focused on the application of new postharvest storage technologies to extend the storage life and keeping the original quality of the freshly harvested fruits. These technologies included use of fungicides to control decay, and modifi ed atmosphere packaging or controlled atmosphere storage to maintain postharvest quality and to alleviate chilling injury symptoms which occur during the storage of pomegranates below 5-7 °C, depending on the variety and storage duration. Today, consumption of fresh pomegranates and their juice is booming due to the mounting evidence about their health benefi ts. Pomegranate juice processing allows the use of fruits with external defects that do not infl uence aril quality. These fruits and the remaining tissues after juice extraction may be used for preparation of new products, such as fl avonoids capsules and other nutraceuticals. This chapter provides an overview of postharvest biology and technology of pomegranates in relation to maintaining their quality between harvest and fresh consumption or processing.