Effect of Al-doping on optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolytic nano-crystalline CdO thin films

Optical band gap controlling of nanostructure Mn doped CdO thin films prepared by sol–gel spin coating method

“…The optical band gap of the undoped CdO film was found to be 2.23 eV and it is lower than that of pure CdO film prepared by chemically spray and spray pyrolysis methods [33,34]. Further, it increases to 2.58 eV with increasing Mn dopant (up to 6% Mn).…”

“…where is the Planck constant, E 0 is the intrinsic band gap, m * r is the reduced effective mass and is equal to 0.274 for CdO [34] and n e is the carrier concentration.…”

Sm doping effect on structural, morphological, luminescence and antibacterial activity of CdO nanoparticles

“…Among all the techniques co-precipitation is a low process cost, low temperature of heat treatment, high yield, controllability, reproducibility, vacuum-free usage, and wide possibility to varying properties by changing the composition of the solution, etc. The physical and other properties of these TCO's are controlled by doping metals such as aluminium [14], indium [15], fluorine [16], zinc [17], nickel [18], magnesium [19] and also with certain rare earth elements. CdO is not as popular as that of its counterpart ZnO, thou it has interesting properties and potentialities.…”

Structural, optical and electrical properties of chemically sprayed nanosized gallium doped CdO thin films

“…For solar cells and diodes fabrication, impurities of high ionic radii are normally preferred as they decrease impurity diffusion towards the p-n junction. In this pursue, the effect of different dopants like Ti [3,14], Sn [4,15,16], F [17,18], In [5,[19][20][21], Sc [21], Y [21], Al [22,23], Sm [24], Mn [7], Zn [25] and Ga [20,24] on the properties of CdO thin film has been studied. The ionic radii of Ga 3+ (0.76 Å), In 3+ (0.94 Å), Sc 3+ (0.89 Å), Sn 4+ (0.69 Å) and Ti 4+ (0.69 Å) are smaller than that of Cd 2+ (1.09 Å), which compresses the CdO lattice, while the addition of F 3+ (1.19 Å), Al 3+ (1.18 Å), Y 3+ (1.04 Å) and Sm 3+ (1.04 Å) with an ionic radii equal or greater than Cd 2+ does not significantly alter the lattice parameters.…”