Effect of alcohol intake on muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise

Burke, Louise M.; Collier, Gregory; Broad, Elizabeth; Davis, Peter G; Martin, David T.; Sanigorski, Andrew; Hargreaves, Mark

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2003

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Alcohol has vasodilatory effects on the cutaneous blood vessels and may increase swelling around injured areas, in contrast to the swellingdelaying vasoconstrictive practices such as treating with ice, rest and elevation. [29] To the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies in SA reporting the prevalence of alcohol use after a rugby game. However, studies that have been conducted in Germany have found a prevalence of 24% for binge drinking (in 1 month) in 1 138 German Young Olympic Athlete's Lifestyle (GOAL) and Health Management Study athletes.…”

Section: Habitual Dietary Intake and Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, alcohol does interfere with the body's ability to replenish muscle glycogen and impairs recovery, as discussed below. [29] The fluid intake of the forwards (excluding alcohol) was significantly higher compared with the backs, but both groups reached IOC and ACSM requirements to replace water and sodium losses. [11] The players had a very high intake of alcohol after the rugby game, with almost significantly higher levels found in the forwards compared with the backs.…”

Section: Habitual Dietary Intake and Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition and habitual and match-day dietary intake of the FNB Maties Varsity Cup rugby players

et al. 2014

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Background. Rugby is a physically demanding body contact sport. Optimising dietary intake and body composition can positively affect the performance of rugby players. Objectives. To determine the body composition, habitual and game-specific nutritional practices of FNB Maties Varsity Cup (MVC) rugby players. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. Of all the MVC rugby players (N=35), 18 completed the sections on body composition and match-day dietary intake, while 11 completed the habitual dietary intake section. Body composition data were collected by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry-accredited biokineticist. Habitual dietary intake data (via a self-administered 7-day food record) and match-day dietary strategies (via telephonic 24-hour recall interview) were collected and compared with nutritional requirements reported by the International Olympic Committee, the American Dietetic Association, the American College of Sports Medicine and the International Society of Sport Nutrition. Results. Forwards had significantly higher weight (p=0.01), sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.01), percentage body fat (p=0.02), fat mass (p=0.01) and fat-free mass (p=0.01) than backs. Compared with current recommendations, group habitual dietary intake (mean (standard deviation)) was inadequate for total energy (45.4 (9.0) kcal/kg body weight (BW)), carbohydrate (4.3 (0.4) g/kg BW), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.2 (1.7)% of total energy (TE)), calcium:protein ratio (6.5:1 (3.5:1)) and copper (2.3 (0.4) mg), while displaying higherthan-recommended intakes for total protein (2.4 (0.7) g/kg BW), fibre (37.7 (7.3) g/day), total fat (33.8 (4.3)% TE), saturated fatty acids (11.2 (13.1)% TE), cholesterol (766.3 (371.8) mg) and niacin (45.2 (6.9) µg). Habitual supplement use was high at 91% (n=10/11). Nutritional match-day strategies were excessive for protein (1.2 (0.6) g/kg BW) and fat (0.9 (0.4) g/kg BW) in the pre-event meal, inadequate for energy and carbohydrate during the game and excessive for alcohol (54.4 (59.9) g) after the game. Conclusion. Forwards and backs differed significantly in various body composition measurements. In relation to observed practices, hab it ual dietary intake and nutritional match-day strategies were suboptimal, with high reported supplement use. Players in this sport potentially could benefit from specialist input to optimise dietary strategies and body composition in order to enhance performance. 2014;26(2):35-43. S Afr J SM

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Section: Habitual Dietary Intake and Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habitual Dietary Intake and Supplement Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and habitual and match-day dietary intake of the FNB Maties Varsity Cup rugby players

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, alcohol intakes were relatively high, contributing 3 ± 4% and 5 ± 5% of TEI across the 7-day period and on an average weekend day respectively. This is concerning given the evidence which suggests that alcohol intake is associated with reduced muscle protein synthesis [49], impaired glycogen restoration [50], and exacerbated losses in muscle function [51]. Certainly the dancers would benefit from a reduction in alcohol intake, specifically limiting intake to 0.5 gÁkg -1 in any post-exercise period in order to avoid interference with recovery processes [52].…”

Section: áDaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure of Pre-professional Female Contemporary Dancers

Brown

Howatson

Quin

et al. 2016

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Many athletes in aesthetic and weight dependent sports are at risk of energy imbalance. However little is known about the exercise and eating behaviours of highly trained dance populations. This investigation sought to determine the energy intake and energy expenditure of pre-professional female contemporary dancers. Twenty-five female contemporary dance students completed the study. Over a 7-day period, including five week days (with scheduled dance training at a conservatoire) and two weekend days (with no scheduled dance training at the conservatoire), energy intake (self-reported weighed food diary and 24 h dietary recall) and expenditure (tri-axial accelerometry) were recorded. Mean daily energy intake and expenditure were different over the 7-day period (P = 0.014) equating to an energy deficit of -356 ± 668 kcalÁday -1 (or -1.5 ± 2.8 MJÁday -1 ). Energy expenditure was not different when comparing week and weekend days (P = 0.297). However daily energy intake (P = 0.002), energy availability (P = 0.003), and energy balance (P = 0.004) were lower during the week compared to the weekend, where energy balance became positive. The percentage contribution of macronutrients to total energy intake also differed; with higher fat (P = 0.022) and alcohol (P = 0.020), and lower carbohydrate (P = 0.001) and a trend for lower protein (P = 0.051) at the weekend. Energy balance and appropriate macronutrient intake are essential for maintaining the demands of training, performance and recovery. Whilst aesthetics are important, female contemporary dancers may be at risk of the numerous health and performance impairments associated with negative energy balance, particularly during periods of scheduled training.

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“…The most important finding of this study, however, is that failure to consume carbohydrate in the immediate phase of post-exercise recovery leads to very low rates of glycogen restoration until feeding occurs (Ivy et al, 1988a). Therefore, early intake of carbohy- The relationship between daily carbohydrate intake and muscle glycogen storage during 24 h of passive recovery from glycogen-depleting exercise is plotted from data taken from Burke et al (1993Burke et al ( , 1995Burke et al ( , 1996Burke et al ( , 2003, Costill et al (1981), Kiens and Richter (1998), Parkin et al (1997) and Starling et al (1997). Taken together, these data suggest an increase in glycogen storage with increasing dietary carbohydrate intake, until the muscle storage threshold is reached.…”

Section: Timing Of Carbohydrate Intakementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Alcohol is another nutrient of interest in terms of glycogen recovery, since there is evidence that some athletes, particularly in team sports, consume alcohol in large amounts in the post-exercise period (Burke et al, 2003). Rat studies have shown that intragastric administration of alcohol interferes with glycogen storage during 30 min of recovery from high-intensity exercise in oxidative but not non-oxidative fibres (Peters et al, 1996).…”

Section: Effect Of Energy Intake and Co-ingestion Of Other Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

BURKE¹,

Kiens²,

IVY³

Food, Nutrition and Sports Performance II

105

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An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet are proposed. Athletes should aim to achieve carbohydrate intakes to meet the fuel requirements of their training programme and to optimize restoration of muscle glycogen stores between workouts. General recommendations can be provided, preferably in terms of grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of the athlete's body mass, but should be fine-tuned with individual consideration of total energy needs, specific training needs and feedback from training performance. It is valuable to choose nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods and to add other foods to recovery meals and snacks to provide a good source of protein and other nutrients. These nutrients may assist in other recovery processes and, in the case of protein, may promote additional glycogen recovery when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or when frequent snacking is not possible. When the period between exercise sessions is 58 h, the athlete should begin carbohydrate intake as soon as practical after the first workout to maximize the effective recovery time between sessions. There may be some advantages in meeting carbohydrate intake targets as a series of snacks during the early recovery phase, but during longer recovery periods (24 h) the athlete should organize the pattern and timing of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks according to what is practical and comfortable for their individual situation. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a moderate to high glycaemic index provide a readily available source of carbohydrate for muscle glycogen synthesis, and should be the major carbohydrate choices in recovery meals. Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.

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Effect of alcohol intake on muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Body composition and habitual and match-day dietary intake of the FNB Maties Varsity Cup rugby players

Body composition and habitual and match-day dietary intake of the FNB Maties Varsity Cup rugby players

Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure of Pre-professional Female Contemporary Dancers

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

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