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AbstractThe paper gives an overview on the application of Nonionic surfactants in hydrocarbon industry, particularly oil production. Advantages and disadvantages are critically analyzed in field of recovery and well treatment methods, drilling and well completion, surface technology and pipe line transportation. On the basis of the literature survey it is concluded that the practice oriented R&Ds performed during the past half century were not sufficiently supported by fundamental physico chemical and colloid chemical research. In the second part of the paper the authors give a concise summary of their studies aimed at forming a theoretical basis of wide range applications of ethoxylated nonyl-phenols in oilfield chemistry. The research program comprised the thermodynamic characterization of micellization, determination of micelle and solution structure, effect of different additives, interfacial properties in gas−water and oil−water systems and the effect of tensides on interfacial rheological properties. The microscopic approach and molecular interpretation of the observed phenomena allowed the authors to recommend more precisely where, when and which of the tensides have the highest potential in different oilfield applications.