Effect of alginate nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of excretory-secretory antigens against acute toxoplasmosis in murine model

Gaafar, Maha R.; el-Mansoury, S T; Eissa, Maha M.; Shalaby, Thanaa I.; Younis, Layla K.; Rashed, Hoda A.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106215

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The most striking discovery was substantial T cell depletion in the PALS in the non-treated mice spleen, which showed significant degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis. There were also alterations in the size and form of the spleen’s white pulp as described by Gaafar et al [ 26 ]. In group III, further results included infrequent clusters of plasma cells in the PALS and enhanced erythroid hematopoiesis in the red pulp ( Figure 8 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploring the Antiparasitic Activity of Tris-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles against Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen-containing atoms in their core structures have been exclusive building blocks in drug discovery and development. One of the most significant and well-known heterocycles is the 1,3,4-thidiazole nucleus, which is found in a wide range of natural products and therapeutic agents. In the present work, certain tris-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (6, 7) were synthesized through a multi-step synthesis approach. All synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic tools. Previously, thiadiazole compounds as anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents have been conducted and reported in vitro. However, this is the first study to test the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of manufactured molecular hybrids thiadiazole in an infected mouse model with the acute RH strain of T. gondii. All the observed results demonstrated compound (7)’s powerful activity, with a considerable reduction in the parasite count reaching 82.6% in brain tissues, followed by liver and spleen tissues (65.35 and 64.81%, respectively). Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines assessments proved that Compound 7 possesses potent antiparasitic effect. Furthermore, docking tests against TgCDPK1 and ROP18 kinase (two major enzymes involved in parasite invasion and egression) demonstrated compound 7’s higher potency compared to compound 6 and megazol. According to the mentioned results, tris-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives under test can be employed as potent antiparasitic agents against the acute RH strain of T. gondii.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploring the Antiparasitic Activity of Tris-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles against Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice

et al. 2022

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“…FarahatAllam et al (2020) suggested that these ultrastructural changes affect the reproduction of the tachyzoites, leading to a significant decrease of the parasite load in liver impression smears of treated groups, with a consequent increase in SR and ST. Hammouda et al (1992) hypothesized that the morphological changes in the organisms could be due to changes caused by compounds interfering with the parasite DNA synthesis or the folic acid cycle. Gaafar et al (2022) likewise documented that the deformities of the tachyzoites with disorganization of the conoids and the significant reduction in the parasite load in the impression smears were described as the anti-Toxoplasma effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasmosis is an immunologically complex disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Although there are several therapeutic regimens for such disease, the majority of them have many drawbacks. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to improve the current regimen in an effort to achieve a well-tolerated therapy while also enhancing the host immune response. Famous for their immunomodulatory effect, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics were chosen to be evaluated in this study as an adjuvant therapy against the virulent RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strain. Experimental mice were divided into control and treated groups. The control group was further subdivided into two groups: group I: 10 uninfected mice and group II: 20 infected untreated mice. The treated experimental group was subdivided into three groups (20 mice each); group III: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) treated, group IV: probiotics treated, and group V: SMZ-TMP combined with probiotics. The results obtained revealed that combined therapy increased survival rate and time up to 95% and 16 days, respectively, with an 82% reduction of tachyzoites and marked distortion, as detected by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, combined therapy alleviated the severity and the extent of the inflammatory cells’ infiltration, thereby reducing hepatocyte degeneration. Intriguingly, serum IF-γ level showed a significant increase to 155.92 ± 10.12 ng/L with combined therapy, reflecting the immunological role of the combined therapy. The current results revealed that probiotics have a high adjuvant potential in alleviating the impact of toxoplasmosis. Using probiotics as a synergistic treatment to modulate conventional therapy in systemic toxoplasmosis may gain popularity due to their low cost and current availability.

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“…Some immunization studies with different types of nanoparticles (CaPNs, PLGA, and Chitosan) encapsulated with a variety of T. gondii recombinant proteins, namely MIC3, ROP8, and SAG1, showed similar results, with higher levels of specific IgA and IgG2a, leading to a Th1 response and consequently increased survival rate [96][97][98][99][100]. In addition to the use of parasite membrane proteins, the excretory secretory antigens (ESA) of T.gondii have also been used for vaccine development, since they have proved to play important roles in the immune escape and pathogenesis of the parasite, and the results showed increased levels of IFN-γ and IgG, as well as a reduction in the parasite load [101][102][103].…”

Section: Recent Advances In the Use Of Nanoparticles For T Gondii Vac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles as a Delivery System of Antigens for the Development of an Effective Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii

et al. 2023

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Nanoparticles include particles ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers, whose physicochemical characteristics are optimized to make them appropriate delivery vehicles for drugs or immunogens important in the fight and/or prevention of infectious diseases. There has been a rise in the use of nanoparticles in preventive vaccine formulations as immunostimulatory adjuvants, and as vehicles for immunogen delivery to target immune cells. Toxoplasma is important worldwide, and may cause human toxoplasmosis. In immunocompetent hosts, infection is usually asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised patients it can cause serious neurological and ocular consequences, such as encephalitis and retinochoroiditis. Primary infection during pregnancy may cause abortion or congenital toxoplasmosis. Currently, there is no effective human vaccine against this disease. Evidence has emerged from several experimental studies testing nanovaccines showing them to be promising tools in the prevention of experimental toxoplasmosis. For the present study, a literature review was carried out on articles published over the last 10 years through the PubMed database, pertaining to in vivo experimental models of T. gondii infection where nanovaccines were tested and protection and immune responses evaluated. This review aims to highlight the way forward in the search for an effective vaccine for toxoplasmosis.

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Effect of alginate nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of excretory-secretory antigens against acute toxoplasmosis in murine model

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Exploring the Antiparasitic Activity of Tris-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles against Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice

Exploring the Antiparasitic Activity of Tris-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles against Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice

The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice

Nanoparticles as a Delivery System of Antigens for the Development of an Effective Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii

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