Effect of aliphatic alcohols on growth and degree of saturation of membrane lipids in<i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i>

Kabelitz, Nadja; Santos, Pedro M.; Heipieper, Hermann J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00103-4

Cited by 128 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…From all investigated compounds, 1-hexanol featured the lowest toxicity, with a MIC (concentration leading to a complete inhibition of cell growth) of 16 mM (data not shown). This concentration was comparable to previous data with other bacteria (17). In contrast, 1-dodecanol was not toxic to the cells at all (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

Neumann

Kabelitz

Zehnsdorf

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The strain Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was tested for its ability to tolerate second phases of different alkanols for their use as solvents in two-liquid-phase biotransformations. Although 1-decanol showed an about 10-fold higher toxicity to the cells than 1-octanol, the cells were able to adapt completely to 1-decanol only and could not be adapted in order to grow stably in the presence of a second phase of 1-octanol. The main explanation for this observation can be seen in the higher water and membrane solubility of 1-octanol. The hydrophobicity (log P) of a substance correlates with a certain partitioning of that compound into the membrane. Combining the log P value with the water solubility, the maximum membrane concentration of a compound can be calculated. With this simple calculation, it is possible to predict the property of an organic chemical for its potential applicability as a solvent for two-liquid-phase biotransformations with solventtolerant P. putida strains. Only compounds that show a maximum membrane concentration of less than 400 mM, such as 1-decanol, seem to be tolerated by these bacterial strains when applied in supersaturating concentrations to the medium. Taking into consideration that a solvent for a two-liquid-phase system should possess partitioning properties for potential substrates and products of a fine chemical synthesis, it can be seen that 1-decanol is a suitable solvent for such biotransformation processes. This was also demonstrated in shake cultures, where increasing amounts of a second phase of 1-decanol led to bacteria tolerating higher concentrations of the model substrate 3-nitrotoluene. Transferring this example to a 5-liter-scale bioreactor with 10% (vol/vol) 1-decanol, the amount of 3-nitrotoluene tolerated by the cells is up to 200-fold higher than in pure aqueous medium. The system demonstrates the usefulness of two-phase biotransformations utilizing solventtolerant bacteria.Biocatalysis using whole cells promised to play an important role in the industrial synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and precursors for chemical syntheses. However, the number of successful processes using whole-cell biotransformations is very small so far because several factors limit the number of applications (29,30). One important limitation of a successful application of whole-cell biotechnological processes toward classical chemical synthesis is that many reactions of interest involve substrates or products that are extremely toxic for the bacteria (35). This problem can be solved by the application of an organic solvent phase that functions as a source and a sink for toxic organic substrates and products, respectively (36). For biotransformations with whole cells, the major advantage of an addition of a second organic phase lies within its ability to act as a sink for the substrates as well as in the continuous removal of products (19,21,36). In both cases, the presence of a solvent phase keeps the concentrations of substrates and toxins at a level that does not lead to toxic e...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

Neumann

Kabelitz

Zehnsdorf

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The fluidity of the bacterial membrane is known to be altered by medium composition, quorum sensing and stress responses (Baysse et al, 2005). The effect of fatty alcohols on membrane fluidity has been studied in the gammaproteobacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, in which cells grown in the presence of fatty alcohol had increased amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, containing bent acyl chains, incorporated into their cell membranes, causing the membranes to expand (Kabelitz et al, 2003). This might be one of the reasons why stearyl alcohol affected the organization of the cell membrane of wild-type NT80 cells, as was observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

EliA is required for inducing the stearyl alcohol-mediated expression of secretory proteins and production of polyester in Ralstonia sp. NT80

et al. 2016

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Addition of stearyl alcohol to the culture medium of Ralstonia sp. NT80 induced expression of a significant amount of secretory lipase. Comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular proteins from NT80 cells grown in the presence or absence of stearyl alcohol revealed that stearyl alcohol induced expression of several secretory proteins including lipase, haemolysin-coregulated protein and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Expression of these secreted proteins was upregulated at the transcriptional level. Stearyl alcohol also induced the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate. Secretory protein EliA was required for all these responses of NT80 cells to stearyl alcohol. Accordingly, the effects of stearyl alcohol were significantly reduced in the eliA deletion mutant cells of NT80 (DeliA). The remaining concentration of stearyl alcohol in the culture supernatant of the wild-type cells, but not that in the culture supernatant of the DeliA cells, clearly decreased during the course of growth. These observed phenotypes of the DeliA mutant were rescued by gene complementation. The results suggested that EliA is essential for these cells to respond to stearyl alcohol, and that it plays an important role in the recognition and assimilation of stearyl alcohol by NT80 cells.

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“…In contrast, addition of 0.01% butanol (a concentration that induces a similar amount of plasma membrane desaturation as 0.1% ethanol in Acinetobacter spp. [19]) resulted in only a 59% increase in growth over cells grown in salt alone. Therefore, while ethanol and butanol can induce comparable levels of plasma membrane desaturation, these two agents cannot stimulate salt resistance to the same extent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An alternative hypothesis is that ethanol may induce changes in the plasma membrane that would enable cells to tolerate high salt. It has been shown that short-chain alcohols can desaturate the plasma membrane-associated fatty acids in Acinetobacter (19). Furthermore, plasma membrane fatty acid desaturation is required for tolerance of high salt by cyanobacteria (33).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Synergy via an Ethanol-Triggered Pathway

Smith

Etages

Snyder

2004

Molecular and Cellular Biology

121

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We have discovered a microbial interaction between yeast, bacteria, and nematodes. Upon coculturing, Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulated the growth of several species of Acinetobacter, including, A. baumannii, A. haemolyticus, A. johnsonii, and A. radioresistens, as well as several natural isolates of Acinetobacter. This enhanced growth was due to a diffusible factor that was shown to be ethanol by chemical assays and evaluation of strains lacking ADH1, ADH3, and ADH5, as all three genes are involved in ethanol production by yeast. This effect is specific to ethanol: methanol, butanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide were unable to stimulate growth to any appreciable level. Low doses of ethanol not only stimulated growth to a higher cell density but also served as a signaling molecule: in the presence of ethanol, Acinetobacter species were able to withstand the toxic effects of salt, indicating that ethanol alters cell physiology. Furthermore, ethanol-fed A. baumannii displayed increased pathogenicity when confronted with a predator, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results are consistent with the concept that ethanol can serve as a signaling molecule which can affect bacterial physiology and survival.

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Effect of aliphatic alcohols on growth and degree of saturation of membrane lipids inAcinetobacter calcoaceticus

Cited by 128 publications

References 27 publications

Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

EliA is required for inducing the stearyl alcohol-mediated expression of secretory proteins and production of polyester in Ralstonia sp. NT80

Microbial Synergy via an Ethanol-Triggered Pathway

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