Effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Aging and diabetes are associated with decreased aerobic fitness, an independent predictor of mortality. Aerobic exercise is prescribed to improve aerobic fitness; however, middle-aged/older diabetic patients often suffer from mobility limitations which restrict walking. Non-weightbearing/low-impact exercise is recommended but the optimal exercise prescription is uncertain. The goal of this randomized controlled trial was twofold: 1) to test if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), implemented on a nonweight-bearing all-extremity ergometer, are feasible, well-tolerated and safe in middle-aged/older adults with type 2 diabetes; and 2) to test whether all-extremity HIIT is more effective in improving aerobic fitness than MICT. A total of 58 sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes (46 to 78 years; 63±1) were randomized to all-extremity HIIT (n=23), MICT (n=19) or non-exercise control (CONT; n=16). All-extremity HIIT and MICT, performed 4×/week for 8 weeks under supervision, resulted in no adverse events requiring hospitalization or medical treatment. Aerobic fitness (VO 2peak) improved by 10% in HIIT and 8% in MICT and maximal exercise tolerance increased by 1.8 and 1.3 min, respectively (P≤0.002 vs. baseline; P≥0.9 for HIIT vs. MICT). In conclusion, all-extremity HIIT and MICT are feasible, well-tolerated and safe and result in similar improvements in aerobic fitness in middle-aged/older individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings have important implications for exercise prescription for diabetic patients; they indicate

High-Intensity Interval Training in Older Adults: a Scoping Review

“…Dropouts: After randomization, two participants could not complete the protocol due to orthopedic complaints. [30,49,60,62,67,70,71,81,84,85]. However, some studies found HIIT to be superior [21,28,59,61,82].…”

Bibliometric Review to Explore Emerging High-Intensity Interval Training in Health Promotion: A New Century Picture

“…HIIT can be considered as a suitable supplement of strength training method in the elderly, and studies have shown that HIIT can improve the physical performance of the elderly group (68)(69)(70). In particular, when referring to the specific practicing strategy, the elderly are recommended to perform HIIT step by step.…”

100% Intensity of Training on Body Weight Fluctuations Before and After Exercise

“…Penelitian dengan observasi selama 1 tahun terhadap penderita diabet tipe 2, ternyata latihan dengan intetensitas tinggi adalah hanya yang paling berpengaruh untuk memperbaiki komplikasi pembuluh darah (Cao, Quan, & Zhuang, 2019). Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa latihan dengan intensitas tinggi terhadap pasisen yang sedang mejalani kemoterapi dapat meningkatkan kesehatan (Mijwel et al, 2019), terhadap kapasitas aerobic kepada penderita diabet tipe 2 (Hwang et al, 2019) Terdapat pengaruh yang sama antara HIIT dan intensitas moderat terhadap perubahan kualitas hidup dengan indikator massa otot dan penurunan lemak tubuh (Mugele et al, 2019). Latihan dengan intensitas tinggi ternyata hasilnya sama dengan intensitas moderat kontinus terhadap pengukuran antopometri tubuh (Andreato, Esteves, Coimbra, Moraes, & de Carvalho, 2019).…”