Effect of allowed grazing time, inert rumen bulk and length of starvation before grazing on the weight, composition and dermentative end‐products of the rumen contents of lactating dairy cows

Chilibroste, P.; Tamminga, S.; Bruchem, J. van; Togt, P.L. van der

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.5320146.x

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Assuming that at meal termination, ruminants would have reached maximal rumen capacity is misleading as well. This assumption is supported by Taweel et al [12] and Chilibroste et al [16] who reported findings where maximal rumen capacity had not been reached when grazing dairy cows terminated feeding bouts. Greenhalgh and Reid [17] reported similar results where sheep fed on hay and straw-terminated feed intake way before maximal gut capacity was reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Moyo¹,

Nsahlai²

2018

Goat Science

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Fluid passage rates through the rumen influence digestion of soluble food nutrients, amount of short-chain fatty acids absorbed in the rumen and that pass out of the rumen, the amount of bypass protein of dietary origin and the amount of microbial protein available to the host as a protein source, making modelling of passage imperative. Current research on passage rate should seek to incorporate various factors that affect rumen fill, and solid and liquid passage rates to develop intake and passage rate prediction models. The aim of this paper was to discuss factors that affect rates of passage of digesta and rumen digesta load. Ambient temperature, animal physiological status and reproductive status, fermentation and diet quality are major factors affecting digesta passage rates. The animal physiology also influences digesta passage rate. Computation of animal production level to account for all the physiological processes that affect passage rate is vital. Discrepancies on how ambient temperature and particle density (buoyancy) affect the passage rate of digesta in the rumen may cause uncertainty in calibration of temperature and buoyancy in prediction models. Corrected for diet properties, goats have similar passage rates to other ruminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Moyo¹,

Nsahlai²

2018

Goat Science

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“…hydrolysis and fermentation, is very fast [37]. This hypothesis of a delay in the availability of the more rapidly fermentable substrates with animals fed fresh herbage has been supported by Chilibroste et al [7] who observed a very slow increase of the pool of ruminal volatile fatty acids when animals started to graze.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of stage of maturity and chop length on the release of cell contents of fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during ingestive mastication in steers fed indoors

Boudon

Mayne²,

Peyraud

et al. 2002

Anim. Res.

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-The objective of the trial was to analyse the effects of the mechanical resistance of cell walls and chewing behaviour on the proportion of intracellular constituents (ICs) released during the ingestive mastication of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by steers. The mechanical resistance of cell walls was varied by the stage of maturity (15 vs. 30 days of regrowth). Herbage was offered at two chop lengths (long and short) for each stage of maturity, to influence chewing behaviour. Four steers, each fitted with a large ruminal cannula, were fed indoors with the ryegrass in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Ingested boli were collected at the cardia and their IC contents were compared with the IC contents of the grass. The average shear energy was lower with the young grass because of a lower proportion of stems and pseudostems. The eating time per unit of dry matter intake was unaffected by the stage of maturity, but was slightly lower with the short herbages. The nature of the ICs had a strong effect on their release with the larger molecules, or the molecules contained in the chloroplasts, being less rapidly released. The ICs released (as a proportion of intake) ranged from 0.166 for the chlorophyll to 0.612 for the nitrates. The treatments had no effect on the rate of release of the small vacuolar or cytoplasmic ICs. The intracellular nitrogenous fractions, partly in the chloroplast, were released faster in the mature grass, because the animals had to masticate more intensively to obtain a 'swallowable'bolus due to it having a higher shear energy. The release of ICs did not seem to be dependent on the duration of chewing but rather on other parameters of mastication like the force exerted by the jaws, the surface-area of the molars, or the quantity of grass eaten per bolus. Résumé -Effet du stade de maturité et de la longueur des brins sur la libération des contenus cellulaires du ray-grass anglais frais (Lolium perenne L.) au cours de la mastication d'ingestion sur des bouvillons nourris à l'auge. L'objectif de cet essai était d'analyser les effets spécifiques de la résistance mécanique des parois et du comportement masticatoire des animaux sur les proportions de constituants intracellulaires (ICs) libérées lors de la mastication d'ingestion chez des bouvillons nourris avec du ray-grass anglais frais (Lolium perenne L.). La résistance mécanique des parois a été modulée par le stade de maturité (15 vs. 30 jours de repousse). Pour chaque stade, le comportement masticatoire a été modulé en offrant l'herbe à deux longueurs de brins (long vs. court). Quatre bouvillons, munis d'une large canule ruminale ont été nourris à l'auge en carré latin 4 × 4. Des bols d'ingestion ont été collectés directement au cardia et leurs teneurs en ICs ont été comparées avec celles de l'herbe offerte. La résistance mécanique de l'offert a été mesurée comme la moyenne des quantités d'énergie nécessaires pour couper chaque type d'organe végétal, pondérée par les proportions pondé-rales de chacun des organes dans l'offert...

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“…Rumen pH was measured immediately after sampling (pH electrode HI 1230, Hanna Instruments B.V., Ijsselstein, the Netherlands). After rumen pH measurement, a subsample of rumen fluid was taken, acidified with phosphoric acid, and stored at −20°C pending SCFA analyses by GC (GC-type Fisons HRGC MEGA2, Milan, Italy) as described by Chilibroste et al (1998). Milk production was recorded daily.…”

Section: Measurement and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Starch or Micro Algae Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows

Boeckaert

Vlaeminck

Dijkstra

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

149

180

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Two experiments with rumen-fistulated dairy cows were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3)-enriched diets or diets provoking a decreased rumen pH on milk fatty acid composition. In the first experiment, dietary treatments were tested during 21-d experimental periods in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diets included a control diet, a starch-rich diet, a bicarbonate-buffered starch-rich diet, and a diet supplemented with DHA-enriched micro algae [Schizochytrium sp., 43.0 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI)]. Algae were supplemented directly through the rumen fistula. The total mixed ration consisted of grass silage, corn silage, soybean meal, and a standard or glucogenic concentrate. The glucogenic and buffered glucogenic diet had no effect on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition because, unexpectedly, no reduced rumen pH was detected. The algae diet had no effect on rumen pH but provoked decreased butyrate and increased isovalerate molar proportions in the rumen. In addition, algae supplementation affected rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acid as reflected in the modified milk fatty acid composition toward increased conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9 trans-11, CLA trans-9 cis-11, C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, and C22:6 n-3 concentrations. Concomitantly, on average, a 45% decrease in DMI and milk yield was observed. Based on these drastic and impractical results, a second animal experiment was performed for 20 d in which 9.35 g/kg of total DMI of algae were incorporated in the concentrate and supplemented to 3 rumen-fistulated cows. Algae concentrate feeding increased rumen pH, which was associated with decreased rumen short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Moreover, a different shift in rumen short-chain fatty acid proportions was observed compared with the first experiment because molar proportions of butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate increased, whereas acetate molar proportion decreased. The milk fatty acid profile changed as in experiment 1. However, the decrease in DMI and milk yield was less pronounced (on average 10%) at this algae supplementation level, whereas milk fat percentage decreased from 47.9 to 22.0 g/kg of milk after algae treatment. In conclusion, an algae supplementation level of about 10 g/kg of DMI proved effective to reduce the milk fat content and to modify the milk fatty acid composition toward increased CLA cis-9 trans-11, C18:1 trans, and DHA concentrations.

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Effect of allowed grazing time, inert rumen bulk and length of starvation before grazing on the weight, composition and dermentative end‐products of the rumen contents of lactating dairy cows

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Rate of Passage of Digesta in Ruminants; Are Goats Different?

Effects of stage of maturity and chop length on the release of cell contents of fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during ingestive mastication in steers fed indoors

Effect of Dietary Starch or Micro Algae Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows

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