Effect of alterations in blood volume on cardiac function during maximal exercise

Krip, B.; Gledhill, Norman; Jamnik, Veronica

doi:10.1097/00005768-199711000-00013

Cited by 133 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The SV reached a slight plateau at around 110-130 beats min _1 in both the supine and upright positions, but at maximal exercise there was another rise in SV (predominantly owing to changes in EDV). These findings are similar to those reported for the SV response during upright exercise in male prepubertal distance runners (Rowland et al 1998), endurance-trained men (Gledhill et al 1994;Krip et al 1997;Warburton et al 1999a), endurance-trained women (Wiebe et al 1999) and semi-supine exercise in endurancetrained men (Di Bello et al 1996).…”

Section: Stroke Volume Response To Exercisesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Several investigators have observed an enhanced diastolic function in endurance-trained athletes, which allows for more complete filling during the later states of vigorous exercise despite a reduction in the diastolic filling time (Gledhill et al 1994;Krip et al 1997;Wiebe et al 1998Wiebe et al , 1999Warburton et al 1999a). In the present investigation, the progressive increases in diastolic filling rate, EDV and SV support the contention that endurance-trained athletes have an enhanced diastolic function that allows them to increasingly use the Frank-Starling mechanism throughout incremental to maximal exercise (Gledhill et al 1994;Krip et al 1997;Wiebe et al 1998Wiebe et al , 1999Warburton et al 1999a).…”

Section: Stroke Volume Response To Exercisesupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Recent investigations and previously overlooked findings (Rerych et al 1980;Spriet et al 1986;Gledhill et al 1994;Di Bello et al 1996;Krip et al 1997;Wiebe et al 1998;Warburton et al 1998Warburton et al , 1999a have challenged this notion and indicate that endurance-trained athletes may rely on different mechanisms to increase their ÿ during the later stages of vigorous exercise. For instance, investigations using highly trained endurance athletes (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…◊J ,max > 60 ml kg _1 min _1 ) and techniques that allow for the maximal determination of SV have shown that endurancetrained athletes may have an increased ability to utilise the energy-efficient Frank-Starling mechanism during strenuous exercise in comparison to their untrained counterparts. This increased ability is thought to be primarily due to an enhancement in ventricular filling allowing SV to increase throughout incremental exercise (Gledhill et al 1994;Krip et al 1997;Warburton et al 1999a). However, measures of ventricular volumes (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigators have revealed that a large portion of the improvement in cardiovascular function of endurancetrained athletes is an enhanced diastolic filling, which is passively related to their elevated blood volume (Gledhill et al 1994Krip et al 1997;Warburton et al 1999a). Warburton and coworkers (2000) revealed that endurancetrained athletes might be at an optimum blood volume for aerobic performance, such that further blood volume expansion has little effect on diastolic filling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myocardial Response to Incremental Exercise in Endurance‐Trained Athletes: Influence of Heart Rate, Contractility and the Frank‐Starling Effect

Warburton

Haykowsky

Quinney

et al. 2002

Experimental Physiology

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Recent evidence indicates that endurance-trained athletes are able to increase their stroke volume (SV) throughout incremental upright exercise, probably due to a progressively greater effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism. This is contrary to the widely held belief that SV reaches a plateau at a submaximal heart rate (irrespective of fitness level), owing to a limitation in the time for diastolic filling. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether endurance-trained athletes rely on a progressively greater effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism throughout incremental exercise. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the effects of postural position on the cardiovascular responses to incremental exercise. Ten male cyclists participated in this investigation. Left ventricular function was assessed throughout incremental exercise in the supine and upright positions (counterbalanced) using radionuclide ventriculography. Stroke volume increased in a linear fashion during incremental exercise in both the upright and supine positions. The increases in cardiac output (ÿ) throughout incremental to maximal exercise (in both the supine and upright positions) were significantly related to changes in heart rate, myocardial contractility and the Frank-Starling mechanism. Percentage changes in end-diastolic volume and SV were significantly greater in the upright position versus the supine position, reflecting an increased reliance on the Frank-Starling effect to increase ÿ. We conclude from this investigation that highly trained endurance athletes are able to make progressively increasing usage of the Frank-Starling effect throughout incremental exercise. Postural position has a significant effect on the relative contribution of heart rate, myocardial contractility and the Frank-Starling mechanism to the increase in ÿ during exercise conditions. Experimental Physiology (2002) 87.5, 613-622.

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