Effect of altered human exposome on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier integrity

Detergent‐induced eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus: A key evidence for the epithelial barrier theory

“…Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing prevalence of allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. Industrialization, urbanization, and a westernized lifestyle have brought several environmental factors to our lives such as detergents, surfactants, toothpastes, food emulsifiers and additives, cigarette smoke, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, ozone, nanoparticles and nano/microplastics, which can be toxic to our cells 1–3 . Detergents used in laundry, dishwashing, and household cleaning agents are at the forefront substances that have gained cell toxicity properties with the addition of surfactants and enzymes after the 1960s, and substantial exposure to such substances including household cleaners, cosmetics, shampoos, toothpastes, etc.…”

“…Detergents used in laundry, dishwashing, and household cleaning agents are at the forefront substances that have gained cell toxicity properties with the addition of surfactants and enzymes after the 1960s, and substantial exposure to such substances including household cleaners, cosmetics, shampoos, toothpastes, etc. have been taking place in the public 1–3 . There is clear evidence demonstrating an epidemiological link between the increased prevalence of allergic diseases, and exposure to detergents and cleaning products 4 .…”

CLA + memory T cells in atopic dermatitis

“…39,40 These findings are in line with the epithelial barrier theory that proposes that environmental exposure to certain substances, such as detergents, surfactants, toothpastes, food emulsifiers and additives, cigarette smoke, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, ozone, nanoparticles and microplastics, might be toxic to our cells. [41][42][43] CLA + T cells have been proposed to be activated in the gut and migrate to skin. Disturbed gut barriers by environmental substances may lead to local T cells activation, that gain a skin-homing capacity and migrate to AD skin.…”

Climate change and the epithelial barrier theory in allergic diseases: A One Health approach to a green environment

“…The term “exposome” refers to all environmental factors individuals encounter throughout their lifetime, 25–28 which can be categorized into three groups: the general external environment, the specific external environment, and the host‐dependent internal environment. The general external environment includes factors such as climate, urban–rural settings, and education level, while the specific external environment comprises individual factors such as lifestyle choices, exposure to pollutants, and infectious diseases.…”