Effect of Alternative Boronizing Mixtures on Boride Layer and Tribological Behaviour of Boronized SAE 1020 Steel

Türkmen, İlyas; Yalamaç, Emre

doi:10.1007/s12540-021-00987-8

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Finally, in the third growth stage all Fe 2 B boride needles tend to grow perpendicular to the external surface, establishing a strong texture of the Fe 2 B phase in the crystallographic orientation (002), which is congruent with the result presented in Figure 7 of the XRD pattern for a borided sample of ASTM A283 steel for 8 h at 1273 K, where the largest diffraction peak corresponds precisely to the crystallographic orientation (002) of the Fe 2 B phase. Such morphology of the interface between the boride layer and the substrate is shown in pure iron [ 5 , 32 ] and either low- or medium-carbon alloys [ 6 , 12 , 13 , 16 ]. Another model to explain the mechanism of texture formation in iron boride layers on low-carbon steels was proposed by Zhong et al [ 33 ] who applied powder-pack boriding treatment to low-carbon steel using only a temperature of 950 °C and a time of 6 h; the microstructure of the obtained phase was characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this framework, the boriding treatment, which is one of the surface hardening processes, is related to the thermodiffusion of boron atoms on the steel surface to produce the boronized layers [ 4 ]. The boriding process is performed in the range of 800–1050 °C for 0.5–10 h in which the active boron can be delivered from various supplies with diverse physical states: solid [ 5 , 6 ], liquid [ 7 ], gas [ 8 ], plasma [ 9 ], and plasma-paste [ 10 ]. Powder-pack boriding provides benefits such as ease of processing, low investment in equipment, and cost–effectiveness [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The boride incubation times were considered by introducing a dependent temperature parameter in this model in which the boron concentration profile is parabolic. Türkmen et al [ 6 ] implemented the Goodman-method-based approach for the dynamic of Fe 2 B layers in SAE steel employing boric acid as the boron source. This selected method was experimentally confirmed for a supplementary boronizing condition (6 h at 1198 K).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel

et al. 2022

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Hard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by hardening surface layers with interstitial elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and boron. In particular, within this study, the growth kinetics of an iron boride layer on ASTM 283 steel were investigated with two diffusion models of the powder-pack boriding technique in the temperature range of 1123–1273 K with different treatment periods. The first model, called the steady-state diffusion model, used the modified version of the mass balance equations at the Fe2B/substrate growth interface, the parabolic growth law, and the solution of Fick’s second law without time dependence. At the same time, the second diffusion model was based on Goodman’s method, also called the integral heat balance method. Afterward, the diffusion coefficient of boron in the Fe2B phase was calculated by fitting the experimental data to the models. Nevertheless, the estimated value for the activation energy of ASTM A238 steel in both diffusion models was coincident (168.2 kJ∙mol−1). A mathematical analysis was implemented by means of a power series (Taylor series) to explain this similarity. The SEM examinations showed a solid tendency to saw-tooth morphology at the growth interface with the formation of the Fe2B layer, whose presence was verified by XRD analysis. The tribological characterizations, including the tests of Rockwell-C indentation, pin-on-disc, and Vickers hardness test method, were used to analyze the antiwear features of the Fe2B layers. Finally, this value of energy was compared to the literature for its experimental validation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel

et al. 2022

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“…For instance in the reference [30], the powders mixture used for generating a single boride layer (Fe 2 B) was composed of 20 % B 4 C, 10 % KBF 4 and 70 % SiC (given in weight percent). In other studies, Turkmen et al [31,32] have employed two alternative boron sources (acid boric H 3 BO 3 and disodium octaborate Na 2 B 8 O 13 ) for the pack-boronizing of SAE 1020 steel. Particularly, in the reference work [31], the chemical composition of the powders mixture used to get the formation of Fe 2 B layer was composed of 22.5 wt.% H 3 BO 3 , 5 wt.% KBF 4 and 27.2 wt.% SiC.…”

Section: The Alternative Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of boronizing kinetics of ASTM A36 steel with the alternative kinetic model and the integral method

Abdellah

Кеддам²,

Jurči³

2021

Koroze a Ochrana Materialu

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In this study, two different mathematical models have been proposed for estimating the diffusivities of boron in the Fe2B layer on ASTM A36 steel in the range of 1173 to 1273 K with exposure times of 2 to 8 h. The boride incubation period required for the formation of such a layer was constant regardless of the boriding conditions. In both approaches, the boron diffusivity in the iron phase was considered in an unsaturated matrix. The first approach was derived from the mass balance equation at the (Fe2B/substrate) interface while the second approach employed the integral diffusion model. The calculated values of boron activation energies for ASTM A36 steel were found to be very comparable for the two approaches (161.65 and 160.96 and kJ mol-1). Afterwards, these values of activation energy were confronted with the results from the literature. Experimental validation of these two approaches has been done by comparing the experimental value of Fe2B layer thickness measured at 1123 K for 2.5 h with the simulated values. Finally, the predicted values of Fe2B layer thickness were in line with the experimental measurement.

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“…For metals applications where better properties such as wear resistance and corrosion resistance are required, thermochemical treatments (e.g., carburizing, nitriding, and boriding) are generally applied 1 . The boriding aims to diffuse boron (B) on the surface of metallic substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sodium Octaborate on AISI 4140 Steel Machined by Die-sinking EDM

et al. 2022

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Researchers are constantly developing processes aiming to improve the properties of metal surfaces, especially related to the wear resistance of components, as in the case of the nitrided layer obtained by die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM). Following this line of research, this work investigated the effects of sodium octaborate (Na 2 B 8 O 13 .4H 2 O), mixed into deionized water as a dielectric fluid on AISI 4140 steel surfaces machined by die-sinking EDM. An adapted EDM machine was employed in the process using electrolytic copper as tool. The effects on AISI 4140 steel-machined surfaces were evaluated by optical microscopy, Vickers microhardness, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The results showed a hardness gain of approximately 146.8% in the modified layer when compared to the AISI 4140 steel (base material). This suggests the formation of a borided layer, such as the Fe 2 B phases identified on sample surfaces, which can be explained by the boron element decomposed from the dielectric solution.

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Effect of Alternative Boronizing Mixtures on Boride Layer and Tribological Behaviour of Boronized SAE 1020 Steel

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel

Comparison and Analysis of Diffusion Models: Growth Kinetics of Diiron Boride Layers on ASTM A283 Steel

Simulation of boronizing kinetics of ASTM A36 steel with the alternative kinetic model and the integral method

Effects of Sodium Octaborate on AISI 4140 Steel Machined by Die-sinking EDM

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