Effect of aluminium addition on the combustion reaction of titanium and carbon to form TiC

Choi, Yoon Ho; Rhee, Shi Woo

doi:10.1007/bf00356413

Cited by 118 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This may be attributed to the decrease of the combustion temperature because crystal growth is an exponential function of the combustion temperature. [34,35] Furthermore, the diluting effect of Ni also increases with the increasing of Ni content, which may hamper the grown-up of TiB 2 crystals during the SHS reaction.…”

Section: Receivedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

Wang

Jiang²,

et al. 2005

Adv Eng Mater

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plasma plume. To achieve a columnar porous structure as well as a high growth rate of the thicker pc-ZrO 2 layer, a pulsed 1 kW laser was applied. The irradiation parameters (pulse duration 1 ms, power density 10 5 W/cm 2 ) were chosen such that conventional thermal evaporation without plasma formation occurred. The targets for the ZrO 2 deposition were pressed and sintered from amperite powder (Y 2 O 3 : 7.79 wt%, HfO 2 : 1.84 wt%, SiO 2 : 0.20 wt%, ZrO 2 : remaining).Investigation of Boundary Layer Reactions: By means of PLD with a relatively high pulse energy of 800 mJ and stronger focusing, the generation of otherwise undesired droplets of the target material is forced. Since the directional characteristic of the droplets differs from that of the plasma plume, the substrate can be arranged in such a way that predominantly droplets are deposited. Due to the high kinetic energy of the droplets, they are flattened on impact before they solidify. The resulting Al and Ti hillocks are typically 2 to 20 lm in diameter and 0.5 to 5 lm high. (Fig. 2) After droplet deposition, the Al/Cu and Ti/Cu samples were tempered (773 / 823 K, 100 / 300 min, atmosphere Ar 4.8, 10 5 Pa). The resulting composition changes were examined by EDX in the SEM and also by AES depth analysis. The preparation of cross-sections of deposited droplets by ion milling with 7 keV Kr ions proved to be particularly useful (Fig. 3). At such cross sections, the chemical composition in the vicinity of the interface was measured by EDX.Investigation of Roughness effects: Roughness values R a of the copper substrate between 0.03 and 1.1 lm were prepared using appropriate grinding agents (abrasive paper, grit size P80 to P2500). The roughness was determined by a mechanical profiler (MAHR Perthometer S8P) and averaging over typically three samples polished in the same manner.Bending bars with the dimensions 30 4.5 3 mm 3 were coated onto one face with an area of 30 4.5 mm 2 . These samples were then deformed by means of four-point bending where the coated surface was chosen as side face of the bending bar (cf. Fig. 4). Due to the bending deformation of the substrate, the coating is simultaneously subjected to a tensile load (Fig. 4, upper side) and a compressive load (lower side). To characterise the coating adherence quantitatively, the maximum substrate strains on the upper and lower sides of the bending bars were used. In particular, the critical spallation strains were determined where in the course of bending first spallings were visible to the naked eye under tensile and compressive load, respectively.Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of materials that seek to combine the high strength and stiffness of a ceramic with the damage tolerance and toughness provided by a metal matrix. [1,2] Although most of the studies on MMCs are centered on the lightweight engineering materials titanium, aluminum and magnesium due to their attractive combination of improved mechanical properties and weight-saving potential, [3±5] there is also significant inter...

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Section: Receivedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

Wang

Jiang²,

et al. 2005

Adv Eng Mater

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“…1) during the SHS reaction. Because the crystal growth is an exponential function of the combustion temperature, 31) the Ti 5 Si 3 particulate size is decreased with the Fe content increasing. b) Furthermore, an excess of Fe phase serves as a diluent and might prevent the diffusion of Ti and Si during the SHS reaction, which restrains the Ti 5 Si 3 crystal from further growth.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Synthesis of Ti5Si3 Intermetallic Particulate Locally Reinforced Medium Carbon Steel-matrix Composite via the SHS Reaction of Fe–Ti–Si System during Casting

Wang

Guan

et al. 2007

ISIJ Int.

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The in situ Ti 5 Si 3 intermetallic particulate locally reinforced steel matrix composites are successfully fabricated by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of Fe-Ti-Si system during casting, and the microstructures of the composites reveal a relatively uniform distribution of mango-like Ti 5 Si 3 particulates in the local reinforcing regions. XRD results reveal that in addition to a-Fe and Ti 5 Si 3 phases, the transient Fe 2 Ti is also present in the local reinforcing region of the composites. Furthermore, some Ti 3 SiC 2 particulates are formed and distribute in the limited region nearby the interface between the local reinforcing region and steel matrix. With Fe content increasing from 10 to 30 wt% in the preforms, the Ti 5 Si 3 particulate size is decreased obviously in the local reinforcing region; furthermore, the presence of significant porosity can be detected in the composite synthesized by the 10 wt% Fe-Ti-Si system; on the contrary, only a minimal porosity can be found in that synthesized by 30 wt% Fe in Fe-Ti-Si system. The macro-and micro-hardness as well as the wear resistance of the local reinforcing region are obviously higher than those of the unreinforced medium steel. Improvements in hardness and wear resistance of the composite are mainly attributed to the presence of high volume fraction of hard intermetallic Ti 5 Si 3 particulates.KEY WORDS: in situ; intermetallic; locally reinforced; steel matrix composite; SHS. Experimental ProcedureIn this study, the starting materials were made of commercial powders of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% Fe (99.0% purity, ϳ10 mm), Ti (99.5 % purity, ϳ38 mm), and Si (99.5 % purity, ϳ15 mm), respectively. Titanium and silicon powders were used in a ratio corresponding to that of stoichiometric Ti 5 Si 3 . Powder blends with different starting compositions were dry-mixed sufficiently by a ball milling for 6 h in a cylindrical stainless steel jar containing GCr15 bearing steel balls with a ball to powder weight ratio of about 5 : 1 by mechanical rotation at 40 rpm, and then were cold-isostatically pressed into cylindrical preforms (about 20 mm diameter and 10 mm length) by using a stainless steel die with two plungers. The green preforms were pressed uniaxially at pressure ranging from 88-92 MPa to obtain relative densities of 63Ϯ2% theoretical density. Then the preforms were placed and fixed on the side of the sand mold, respectively, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 2 in Ref. 11). Subsequently, the medium carbon steel melt, which composition is measured by an ARL4460 Metals Analyzer and shown in Table 1, prepared by non-oxidation process in a 5 kg medium-frequency induction furnace with a temperature of about 1 600°C was poured into the mold to ignite the SHS reaction of the preforms. After solidification and cooling, composite castings were removed and sectioned in the side position.Vickers microhardness values of the matrix and local reinforcing region in the samples were tested under a load of 50 g with an indentarion time of 10...

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“…Some attempts via normal melting and casting [4,5] and carbothermic reduction [6,7] have been tried to fabricate in situ Fe-TiC composites with a uniform dispersion of TiC reinforcement. Combustion synthesis has also been used to synthesize Fe-TiC composite [8,9]. Some authors reported that Fe-TiC composites produced by aluminothermic reduction [10], electron beam radiation, laser surface melting or plasma spray synthesis routes showed a submicron TiC particle and also some attractive mechanical properties [11][12][13][14], even with high fabrication cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering

Tuấn¹,

Khoa²,

Vieta³

et al. 2013

j. Korean Powder Metall. Inst.

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································································································································································································································Abstract Fe-TiC composite was fabricated from Fe and TiC powders by high-energy milling and subsequent sparkplasma sintering. The microstructure, particle size and phase of Fe-TiC composite powders were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to evaluate the effect of milling conditions on the size and distribution of TiC particles in Fe matrix. TiC particle size decreased with milling time. The average TiC particle size of 38 nm was obtained after 60 minutes of milling at 1000 rpm. Prepared Fe-TiC powder mixture was densified by sparkplasma sintering. Sintered Fe-TiC compacts showed a relative density of 91.7~96.2%. The average TiC particle size of 150 nm was observed from the FE-SEM image. The microstructure, densification behavior, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of Fe-TiC sintered compact were investigated.

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Effect of aluminium addition on the combustion reaction of titanium and carbon to form TiC

Cited by 118 publications

References 14 publications

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

In Situ Synthesis of Ti5Si3 Intermetallic Particulate Locally Reinforced Medium Carbon Steel-matrix Composite via the SHS Reaction of Fe–Ti–Si System during Casting

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering

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Effect of aluminium addition on the combustion reaction of titanium and carbon to form TiC

Cited by 118 publications

References 14 publications

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB2 Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB2 Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

In Situ Synthesis of Ti5Si3 Intermetallic Particulate Locally Reinforced Medium Carbon Steel-matrix Composite via the SHS Reaction of Fe–Ti–Si System during Casting

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering

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Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting

Fabrication of Steel Matrix Composite Locally Reinforced with in Situ TiB₂ Particulate using Self–Propagating High–Temperature Synthesis Reaction of Ni–Ti–B System During Casting