Effect of Aluminum Powder on Underwater Explosion Performance of CL‐20 Based Explosives

Hu, Hongwei; Chen, Lang; Yan, Jiajia; Huang, Feng; Xiao, Chuan; Song, P.

doi:10.1002/prep.201800282

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Before the shock wave arrives, the system pressure is less than 20 GPa, the temperature is the ambient temperature, and the aluminum particles are basically spherical. After the detonation wave is formed, the density of RDX behind the wave increases to more than 2 g/cm 3 , the pressure rises to about 40 GPa, and the temperature increases to about 3000 K. It confirms that a reaction zone appears behind the shock wave, and the reactivity gradually increases, which is consistent with the ZND model assumption. Once the shock wave subsides, the aluminum particles undergo compression and transform into an ellipsoidal shape.…”

Section: Shock Response Of Al Particlessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Comparing with RDX at low particle velocity, the propagation speed of the shock wave significantly increases, and it completely sweeps over the RDX crystal in 1.6 ps. The density of RDX behind the wave significantly increases to about 2.5 g/cm 3 , which is about 38.9 % more than the original density. The addition of Al particles has a significant effect on the shock response of the explosive.…”

Section: Shock Response Of Al Particlesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Aluminum (Al) particles are extensively employed in explosives and solid propellants owing to their remarkable high energy density (83.4 kJ/cm 3 ) [1][2][3]. Incorporating aluminum particles into high explosives (HE) has been demonstrated to increase the total energy and work capacity, thus representing a pivotal avenue of investigation for enhancing the energy performance of explosives [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activation and reaction mechanism of nano‐aluminized explosives under shock wave

Wang,

Xiao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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To investigate the effect of aluminum (Al) nanoparticles on the energy release mechanism of high explosives, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the mechanical response and chemical reaction mechanism of pure 1,3,5‐Trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX) and nano‐aluminized RDX across varying particle velocities using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that the velocity of the shock wave which is formed in the explosive increases as the velocity of the particle increases. Notably, detonation was absent when the particle velocity was below 3 km/s, but prominently observed beyond this threshold, accompanied by a diminishing delay in reaction time for aluminum particles as particle velocity increased. After detonation, a localized pressure reduction behind aluminum particles was observed, elucidating the diminished detonation efficacy of aluminized explosives. Furthermore, the introduction of aluminum particles led to a deceleration in the RDX reaction rate, with the emergence of aluminum atomic clusters highlighting previously overlooked gas‐phase reactions that necessitate inclusion in detonation modeling for aluminized explosives.

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Section: Shock Response Of Al Particlessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Shock Response Of Al Particlesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activation and reaction mechanism of nano‐aluminized explosives under shock wave

Wang,

Xiao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

Self Cite

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“…It is demonstrated that the energy released by the reaction of Al powder can lead to a significant increment in the energy density because the energy released by the complete Al oxidation is about 30 MJ/kg in comparison with 5-6 MJ/kg released by the ideal condense explosives. [3][4] The accelerating ability of the aluminized explosives is mainly evaluated by metal plate tests [5][6][7][8] , cylinder tests [9][10][11] , and underwater explosion tests [12] . Previous researchers have concluded that the accelerating ability is related to the explosive components, the size of Al powder, the content of Al powder, the mass fraction of oxidizing gas, the temperature of detonation zone and the constraint conditions et al Manner et al [11] carried out copper cylinder tests on explosives based on cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), and the size of Al or lithium fluoride (LiF) powder is 3.2 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the cylinder test of aluminized explosives with different content of Al powder

Yuan¹,

Ma²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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To investigate the effect of the content of Al powder on the acceleration ability of the aluminized explosives, a series of 25mm cylinder experiments was conducted, and the content of Al/LiF powder is 0%, 15%, 30%. The radial expansion velocities of the cylinder wall were measured through the Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) system. The cylinder experiments verify that Al powder could react with detonation products to release energy, which enhance the accelerating ability of explosives. By comparing the different content of Al powder of aluminized explosives, it is found that the accelerating ability of aluminized explosives is related to the content of Al powder, and the optimal content of Al powder is 15% in this experiment. By comparing the same content of Al/LiF powder, it is indicated that the reaction delay time of Al powder in RDX80/Al15 explosive does not exceed 2.8µs, and as RDX65/Al30, the reaction delay time is less than 3µs. Finally, through normalization method, the specific reaction delay time of Al powder are 0.147 and 0.203, with the content of Al powder 15% and 30%.

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“…Hu et al. analysed the influence of Al powder content and particle size on CL‐20/Al explosives parameters such as the shock wave pressure, specific shock wave energy and specific bubble energy, and pointed out underwater reaction mechanism of CL‐20/Al explosives [20]. Kan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al/O ratio on underwater explosion energy characteristics of CL‐20‐based aluminized explosives

Yao

Zhao

JIA

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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To study the underwater explosion energy characteristics of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with different Al/O ratio, underwater detonation parameters of explosives, including the shock wave peak pressure, the decay time, the bubble pulsation period, the shock wave energy and the bubble energy at 1 m, were measured by a series of underwater explosion experiments. The calculation model of CL-20-based aluminized explosive in the pool was established by using Ansys LS-DYNA software and was calculated the shock wave energy and bubble pulsation period. The results showed that Al/O ratio significantly changed the energy output structure of CL-20-based aluminized explosives. With increasing Al/O ratio, the proportion of shock wave energy in the total energy decreased, while the proportion of bubble energy increased.When Al/O ratio was 0.35, the shock wave peak pressure and shock wave energy of the explosive were the largest, and when the ratio was 0.6, the bubble period and total energy reach their maximum; when the ratio was 0.94, the bubble energy and the bubble pulsation reached the maximum. The experimental values are in good agreement with the simulation results, and the model can be used to estimate the underwater detonation parameters of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with different Al/O ratio.

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Effect of Aluminum Powder on Underwater Explosion Performance of CL‐20 Based Explosives

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Activation and reaction mechanism of nano‐aluminized explosives under shock wave

Activation and reaction mechanism of nano‐aluminized explosives under shock wave

Study on the cylinder test of aluminized explosives with different content of Al powder

Effect of Al/O ratio on underwater explosion energy characteristics of CL‐20‐based aluminized explosives

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