Effect of aluminum tri-hydroxide/zinc borate and aluminium tri-hydroxide/melamine flame retardant systems synergies on epoxy resin

Improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy composites using flame retardants with red mud waste

“…The burning test results showed that the RM‐ATFB‐Al(OH) 3 mixture can be an effective halogen free FR for epoxy‐based materials that can be utilized in many areas such as construction and coating. Al 2 O 3 , formed by the decomposition reaction of Al(OH) 3 , prevents the transfer of heat and oxygen between the material and the environment, thus, more oxygen is needed to burn the sample 19 …”

“…Guo et al 18 reported that neat ethylene‐vinyl acetate was highly flammable and its LOI values greatly improved from 19.5 to 26 by incorporating 40 wt% aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ). In another study, the addition of Al(OH) 3 at 20 wt% to pure epoxy resin increased the LOI value of the resin to 29.6% 19 …”

“…Al 2 O 3 , formed by the decomposition reaction of Al(OH) 3 , prevents the transfer of heat and oxygen between the material and the environment, thus, more oxygen is needed to burn the sample. 19 The formation of the char layer is an important process as it can promote significant flame retardation. Polymers with a high char yield generally have a longer F I G U R E 9 Burning test photographs of the neat ER and composites with 10 wt% ATFB, 10 wt% RM, 15 wt% RM-10 wt% Al(OH) 3 , 15 wt % RM-10 wt% ATFB, and 15 wt% RM-10 wt% ATFB-5 wt% Al(OH) 3 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] ignition time.…”

“…In another study, the addition of Al(OH) 3 at 20 wt% to pure epoxy resin increased the LOI value of the resin to 29.6%. 19 Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with tetrafluoroborate anions are chemical compounds with many desired qualities and their use is encouraged for various purposes. QAS can be used in agriculture as pesticides, in the production of disinfectants for vehicles and facilities and in the production of certain drugs, cosmetics etc.…”

Influences of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites

“…It is worth noting that most of the ZB used in flame retardant polymers are 2ZnO·3B 2 O 3 ·3.5H 2 O, 12,40,41,49–59 whose lower decomposition temperature limit their large‐scale application. The ones with chemical formula of 2ZnO·3B 2 O 3 ·3H 2 O, 60,61 2ZnO·3B 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O, 62 4ZnO·6B 2 O 3 ·7H 2 O, 63–65 and 4ZnO·B 2 O 3 ·H 2 O 66,67 are also used as synergic flame retardant for PP, PVA, PA 6, PU, PVC, and so on. For 4ZnO·B 2 O 3 ·H 2 O, Mergen 66 and Zhang et al 67 reported the flame retardancy of PVC/ZB and wood powder/ZB composites, respectively.…”