Effect of ambient temperature and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on water and electrolyte balances in dry and lactating Holstein cows

Khelil-Arfa, Hajer; Faverdin, Philippe; Boudon, Anne

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7079

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The MK model offers the advantage to consider all changes in animal physiology simultaneously that are induced with increasing temperature (for an example see Fig. S6 in the Appendix, which shows that increasing transpiration, sweating and panting increases drinking water uptake and thus decreases the contribution of metabolic water to total water intake; the model results fit well to the data by Khelil-Arfa et al 63 , who quantified metabolic water to contribute about 5% under thermoneutral conditions (15 °C) and 4% under high-temperature (28 °C) conditions). A much larger effect of high temperatures as found in sub-tropical and tropical latitudes can be expected, however, from the differences in meteoric water, the difference in the diurnal adaptation of feeding and the differences in plant species composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions

Guo

Schnyder

Auerswald

2017

Sci Rep

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Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in animal and human tissues are expected to be good recorders of geographical origin and migration histories. However, seasonal variation of δ18O may diminish the origin information in the tissues. Here the seasonality of δ18O in tail hair was investigated in a domestic suckler cow (Bos taurus) that underwent different ambient conditions, physiological states, keeping and feeding during five years. A detailed mechanistic model was built to explain this variation. The measured δ18O in hair significantly related (p < 0.05) to the δ18O in meteoric water in a regression analysis. Modelling suggested that this relation was only partly derived from the direct influence of feed moisture. Ambient conditions (temperature, moisture) also affected the animal itself (drinking water demand, transcutaneous vapor etc.). The clear temporal variation thus resulted from complex interactions with multiple influences. The twofold influence of ambient conditions via the feed and via the animal itself is advantageous for tracing the geographic origin because δ18O is then less influenced by variations in moisture uptake; however, it is unfavorable for indicating the production system, e.g. to distinguish between milk produced from fresh grass or from silage. The model is versatile but needs testing under a wider range of conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions

Guo

Schnyder

Auerswald

2017

Sci Rep

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“…1 Seif et al, 1973;Woodford et al, 1984;Silanikove et al, 1997;Osborne et al, 2002bOsborne et al, , 2009Kojima et al, 2005;Kume et al, 2010;Khelil-Arfa et al, 2014;Lamp et al, 2015. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

Appuhamy

Judy

Kebreab

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Mathematical models that predict water intake by drinking, also known as free water intake (FWI), are useful in understanding water supply needed by animals on dairy farms. The majority of extant mathematical models for predicting FWI of dairy cows have been developed with data sets representing similar experimental conditions, not evaluated with modern cows, and often require dry matter intake (DMI) data, which may not be routinely available. The objectives of the study were to (1) develop a set of new empirical models for predicting FWI of lactating and dry cows with and without DMI using literature data, and (2) evaluate the new and the extant models using an independent set of FWI measurements made on modern cows. Random effect meta-regression analyses were conducted using 72 and 188 FWI treatment means with and without dietary electrolyte and daily mean ambient temperature (TMP) records, respectively, for lactating cows, and 19 FWI treatment means for dry cows. Milk yield, DMI, body weight, days in milk, dietary macro-nutrient contents, an aggregate milliequivalent concentration of dietary sodium and potassium (NaK), and TMP were used as potential covariates to the models. A model having positive relationships of DMI, dietary dry matter (DM%), and CP (CP%) contents, NaK, and TMP explained 76% of variability in FWI treatment means of lactating cows. When challenged on an independent data set (n = 261), the model more accurately predicted FWI [root mean square prediction error as a percentage of average observed value (RMSPE%) = 14.4%] compared with a model developed without NaK and TMP (RMSPE% = 17.3%), and all extant models (RMSPE% ≥ 15.7%). A model without DMI included positive relationships of milk yield, DM%, NaK, TMP, and days in milk, and explained 63% of variability in the FWI treatment means and performed well (RMSPE% = 17.9%), when challenged on the independent data. New models for dry cows included positive relationships of DM% and TMP along with DMI or body weight. The new models with and without DMI explained 75 and 54% of the variability in FWI treatment means of dry cows and had RMSPE% of 12.8 and 15.2%, respectively, when evaluated with the literature data. The study offers a set of empirical models that can assist in determining drinking water needs of dairy farms.

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“…The authors reported that bicarbonate concentration of Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers was significantly reduced during and after heat exposure (Beatty et al, 2006). Although Khelil-Arfa et al (2014) reported that TA did not affect concentration of bicarbonate, blood pH was significantly higher in heat exposed (28 °C; pH ≥ 7.35; P ≤ 0.001) lactating cows, compared with cows at thermoneutral (15 °C) conditions.…”

Section: Bicarbonatementioning

confidence: 93%

“…However Khelil-Arfa et al (2014) reported that TA did not affect concentration of bicarbonate, although blood pH was significantly higher in heat exposed (28 °C; pH ≥ 7.35; P ≤ 0.001) lactating cows, compared with cows at thermoneutral (15 °C) conditions. Conversely Beatty et al (2006) showed that bicarbonate concentration of Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers was significantly reduced during and after heat exposure (≥ 32 °C, wet bulb temperature).…”

Section: Bicarbonatementioning

confidence: 98%

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Lees¹

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Heat load is a significant animal welfare and cost of production issue worldwide. In the US alone heat load is reported to have an annual economic burden of > $300 million in the beef sector.Furthermore animal growth is often depressed during summer resulting in heat related decreases in weight gain of approximately 10 kg which coincides with a 7 day increase in days on feed. The reduced growth rate increases days on feed, thereby increasing the cost of production. Whilst the effects of heat load on cattle has been researched for a number of years, there is speculation as to the interactions between hot environmental conditions and livestock performance, reproduction, health and overall wellbeing. Therefore there is a need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic responses of animals to heat load. The key focus of heat load research is to develop effective management strategies to support animal comfort and performance during hot periods.While heat load can occur in pasture raised cattle, it is mostly observed within the intensive grain feed feedlot industry. Heat load occurs where a combination of environmental conditions exceed the animals ability to regulate body temperature, thus impacting on homeostasis. However how an animal responds to heat load is also dependent on a number of individual characteristics, including genotype, coat characteristics, health status and days on feed. Therefore no two animals will respond to hot climatic conditions in exactly the same manner. There are numerous responses to heat load that can be measured and/or observed in cattle, including changes in behaviour, respiratory dynamics, blood metabolites and body temperature. The experiments within this thesis were focused on investigating the; A key aspect in managing heat load is that feedlot personnel are able to recognise the responses of cattle to high heat load. Improvements in animal management have contributed to alleviating some of the negative effects of heat load. However summer conditions are still responsible for significant production losses and welfare concerns worldwide. Furthermore heat load cannot be completely eradicated where there are animal production operations in tropical and sub-tropical regions.Therefore the primary purpose of heat load research becomes focused on the effective use of mitigation strategies prior to and during heat related stress events, thus improving animal survivability and welfare during these events.iii Declaration by author Publications included in this thesisNo publications included. Contributions by others to the thesis

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Effect of ambient temperature and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on water and electrolyte balances in dry and lactating Holstein cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions

Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions

Prediction of drinking water intake by dairy cows

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

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