Effect of Ambient Temperature on Analytical Performance of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Systems

Nerhus, Kari; Rustad, Pål; Sandberg, Sverre

doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0255

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These sources include differences in the manufacturer's measurement procedure, 19 manufacturer-specific plasma conversion factors, but also handling errors by the users. [20][21][22][23] As another possible source of inaccuracy, we observed variability between different test strip vials inside one lot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lot-to-Lot Variability of Test Strips and Accuracy Assessment of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to ISO 15197

Baumstark

Pleus

Schmid

et al. 2012

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lot-to-Lot Variability of Test Strips and Accuracy Assessment of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to ISO 15197

Baumstark

Pleus

Schmid

et al. 2012

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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“…Conventional self-monitoring blood glucose devices have been shown to over-and/or underestimate results by at least 5% because of rapid shifts in ambient temperature. 29 The accuracy of microdialysis-based CGM devices is influenced by temperature with a 4% variation in current signal for each change in°C, 30 which may be overcome by application of a temperature-compensating algorithm. 31 Decline in pH, as occurs with the development of lactic acidosis during more intense exercise, has not been shown to affect sensor performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy

Kumareswaran

Elleri²,

Allen³

et al. 2013

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Background: Performance of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) may be lower when glucose levels are changing rapidly, such as occurs during physical activity. Our aim was to evaluate accuracy of a current-generation CGM during moderateintensity exercise in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pregnancy. Subjects and Methods: As part of a study of 24-h closed-loop insulin delivery in 12 women with T1D (disease duration, 17.6 years; glycosylated hemoglobin, 6.4%) during pregnancy (gestation, 21 weeks), we evaluated the Freestyle Navigator Ò sensor (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA) during afternoon (15:00-18:00 h) and morning (09:30-12:30 h) exercise (55 min of brisk walking on a treadmill followed by a 2-h recovery), compared with sedentary conditions (18:00-09:00 h). Plasma (reference) glucose, measured at regular 15-30-min intervals with the YSI Ltd. (Fleet, United Kingdom) model YSI 2300 analyzer, was used to assess CGM performance. Results: Sensor accuracy, as indicated by the larger relative absolute difference (RAD) between paired sensor and reference glucose values, was lower during exercise compared with rest (median RAD, 11.8% vs. 18.4%; P < 0.001). These differences remained significant when correcting for plasma glucose relative rate of change (P < 0.001). Analysis by glucose range showed lower accuracy during hypoglycemia for both sedentary (median RAD, 24.4%) and exercise (median RAD, 32.1%) conditions. Using Clarke error grid analysis, 96% of CGM values were clinically safe under resting conditions compared with only 87% during exercise. Conclusions: Compared with sedentary conditions, accuracy of the Freestyle Navigator CGM was lower during moderateintensity exercise in pregnant women with T1D. This difference was particularly marked in hypoglycemia and could not be solely explained by the glucose rate of change associated with physical activity.

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“…A study on 9 SMBG systems available in Norway explored the impact of temperature changes on the accuracy of BG measurements. 35 A change from 5°C to room temperature immediately before measurement, produced upward discrepancies >5% in 4 of these SMBG systems. Conversely, after a rapid change from 30°C to room temperature, 4 of the 9 BG systems presented downward discrepancies >5%.…”

Section: Temperature and Humiditymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conversely, after a rapid change from 30°C to room temperature, 4 of the 9 BG systems presented downward discrepancies >5%. 35 A period of acclimatization (up to 15-30 minutes) seemed to lessen these effects. A recently published study on 5 modern BG systems showed that compensating mechanisms within the system allowed a good performance at extreme high and low temperatures.…”

Section: Temperature and Humiditymentioning

confidence: 98%

Interferences and Limitations in Blood Glucose Self-Testing

Erbach¹,

Freckmann²,

Hinzmann³

et al. 2016

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) both in insulintreated and non-insulin-treated people with diabetes is supported by recently published trials, reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] SMBG is recommended to be performed in a structured approach. 2,5,8,9 It is reported to be only useful when blood glucose (BG) data are interpreted and utilized for immediate therapeutic actions. 3,4,[10][11][12][13] For instance, the need for adequate dosing of insulin heavily depends on reliable glucose information. 8 In particular, patients with insulintreated diabetes perform SMBG as a substantial element of daily management of diabetes.14,15 The term "BG system" denotes the combination of a BG meter and test strips, and both determine analytical performance. 8 The analytical and handling performance of BG systems has largely improved over the past decades. In addition, the implementation of inmeter safety features (ie, validity of test strips check) has further increased the safety of these devices. 16 Consequently, patients with appropriate training and a good performance of BG testing can typically rely on the precision of BG measurement results. However, in the daily practice a range of factors with potential impact on the reliability of BG measurement needs to be considered. In fact, this is an important aspect in field of point-of-care (POC) testing. 17 Members of the diabetes team and patients should be well informed about all factors potentially falsifying BG measurement results: human, meter-inherent, test-strip-inherent, environmental, physiological, and medication-related impact factors (Table 1).The risk of misinterpretation of BG readings can be minimized by detailed information on the factors potentially affecting BG measurement. Hence, the aim of this publication is to review the current knowledge on limitations and interferences significant for reliable BG testing.Nonetheless, due to the rapid technological progress, it should be kept in mind that performance of most more recent BG meters may not always be reflected by the reviewed literature, since it reports on data generated with older BG generations. 17 Moreover, it is important to note that some studies on limitations of BG meters were performed under extreme conditions which do not comply with the approved conditions of usage. AbstractIn general, patients with diabetes performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can strongly rely on the accuracy of measurement results. However, various factors such as application errors, extreme environmental conditions, extreme hematocrit values, or medication interferences may potentially falsify blood glucose readings. Incorrect blood glucose readings may lead to treatment errors, for example, incorrect insulin dosing. Therefore, the diabetes team as well as the patients should be well informed about limitations in blood glucose testing. The aim of this publication is to review the current knowledge on limitations and interferences in blood glucose testing with the perspective of the...

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Effect of Ambient Temperature on Analytical Performance of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Systems

Abstract: The effect on analytical performance was most pronounced after a rapid shift in the ambient temperature. Therefore patients need to wait at least 15 min for temperature equilibration of affected meters and strips before measuring blood glucose.

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Lot-to-Lot Variability of Test Strips and Accuracy Assessment of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to ISO 15197

Lot-to-Lot Variability of Test Strips and Accuracy Assessment of Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to ISO 15197

Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy

Interferences and Limitations in Blood Glucose Self-Testing

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