Effect of amine-modified boron nitride (BN) on ammonium perchlorate decomposition

Abstract

Diagram of process for accelerated decomposition of ammonium perchlorate salt using amine modified BN ribbbons. Nucleophilic amine functional groups on the surface of the BN intercepts protons from cation of AP during low temperature decomposition.

Accelerated Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Perchlorate via Conformal Graphene Coating

“…This observation indicates that NC and graphene both act as catalysts for LTD, allowing ammonia to form faster than it can evaporate under the experimental conditions, which results in the product adsorbing onto the undecomposed AP surface and briefly inhibiting further decomposition. While the presence of nitrocellulose does show catalytic behavior (potentially due to the free hydroxyl groups promoting proton transfer), the addition of graphene catalyzes decomposition even further, likely by promoting electron transfer as discussed earlier. The relatively poor performance of AP-hBN underscores the need for effective electron transfer for oxidation–reduction chemistry.…”

“…Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a widely used solid propellant material as it decomposes rapidly and reliably, making it a key component of rockets, detonation/demolition devices, , and automotive airbags . In efforts to enhance its performance in these applications, extensive research has explored AP decomposition mechanisms.…”

“…To enhance electron transfer decomposition pathways, various catalysts have been integrated with AP, with those containing metal ions showing the largest effect. − Other heterogeneous catalytic schemes involve the use of graphene oxide (GO), perovskite crystals, boron nitride, and other carbon materials . In an attempt to maximize the contact area between the catalyst and AP, conformal coatings have been pursued, particularly for metal oxides and GO, although the limited electrical conductivity of these materials likely impede their effectiveness for electron transfer. ,, Furthermore, for the case of GO, incomplete coverage of the coating also failed to fully maximize the contact area between the catalyst and AP.…”

Effects of nitroguanidine on the thermal behavior and burning characteristics of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole-based propellants

“…However, the relatively high gas outlet temperature and poor combustion stability of 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 limit its usefulness for reghting on aircra. 9 Various additives have been employed to modify the propulsive performance of the propellant, including coolants, 10,11 burning rate modiers, 12,13 and lowburning-temperature propellants. 14,15 Dey et al 16 found adding biuret to an ammonium perchlorate-based composite propellant decreased the burning rate by almost 60%, reaching the ideal combustion temperature.…”

Synthesis and catalytic activity of Cu–Cr–O–TiO2 composites for the thermal decomposition of ammonium per-chlorate: enhanced decomposition rate of fuel for solid rocket motors

“…The burn rate of a conventional propellant is governed by the combustion behavior of the solid composite propellant and is a function of the thermal decomposition of AP. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Transition metals and metal oxides are used as catalysts to enhance the rate of thermal decomposition of AP, eventually modifying the burn rate. The oxides of iron, manganese, copper, nickel and copper chromites are widely used as the burn rate modiers in the solid composite propellant.…”