Effect of ammonia on endocytosis and cytokine production by immortalized human microglia and astroglia cells

Atanassov, Christo

doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00023-2

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The availability of human tissue, low yield of human microglia and ethical issues associated with the use of the human tissue pose significant challenges for establishing primary human microglia. CHME-5 (a generous gift from Professor Pierre Talbot, Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institute, Armand-Frappier, Canada) was obtained from embryonic fetal human microglia through transformation with SV-40 virus [55,56]. This cell line has been well characterized by Prof Talbot's group and others [55-57].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHME-5 (a generous gift from Professor Pierre Talbot, Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institute, Armand-Frappier, Canada) was obtained from embryonic fetal human microglia through transformation with SV-40 virus [55,56]. This cell line has been well characterized by Prof Talbot's group and others [55-57]. These cells express the antigens present on the adult human microglia, secrete the pro-inflammatory cytokines upon activation, exhibit the properties of primary human microglia and have been successfully used as a model for microglial activation by others [55,57,58].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of chronic low dose rotenone treatment on human microglial cells

Shaikh

Nicholson

2009

Mol Neurodegeneration

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BackgroundExposure to toxins/chemicals is considered to be a significant risk factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); one putative chemical is the naturally occurring herbicide rotenone that is now used widely in establishing PD models. We, and others, have shown that chronic low dose rotenone treatment induces excessive accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), inclusion body formation and apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons of animal and human origin. Some studies have also suggested that microglia enhance the rotenone induced neurotoxicity. While the effects of rotenone on neurons are well established, there is little or no information available on the effect of rotenone on microglial cells, and especially cells of human origin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic low dose rotenone treatment on human microglial CHME-5 cells.MethodsWe have shown previously that rotenone induced inclusion body formation in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and therefore used these cells as a control for inclusion body formation in this study. SH-SY5Y and CHME-5 cells were treated with 5 nM rotenone for four weeks. At the end of week 4, both cell types were analysed for the presence of inclusion bodies, superoxide dismutases and cell activation (only in CHME-5 cells) using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, immunocytochemical and western blotting methods. Levels of active caspases and ROS (both extra and intra cellular) were measured using biochemical methods.ConclusionThe results suggest that chronic low dose rotenone treatment activates human microglia (cell line) in a manner similar to microglia of animal origin as shown by others. However human microglia release excessive amounts of ROS extracellularly, do not show excessive amounts of intracellular ROS and active caspases and most importantly do not show any protein aggregation or inclusion body formation. Human microglia appear to be resistant to rotenone (chronic, low dose) induced damage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic low dose rotenone treatment on human microglial cells

Shaikh

Nicholson

2009

Mol Neurodegeneration

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“…The human fetal microglial cell line CHME5 (a generous gift from Pierre Talbot, Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institute, Armand-Frappier, Canada) were grown and cultured to confluence in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% L-glutamine, and 1% streptomycin/penicillin (Gibco/BRL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). CHME5 cells have been well characterized (79)(80)(81) and were obtained from embryonic fetal human microglia through transformation with simian virus 40 (SV-40) T antigen (79,80). TZM-bl and HLM-1 cells were obtained from the AIDS Research and Reference Reagents Program (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Neuroprotective GSK-3β Inhibitor Restricts Tat-Mediated HIV-1 Replication

Guendel

Iordanskiy

Duyne

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…Also, in microglia and astroglioma cell lines, ammonia affects major functional activities, such as phagocytosis and endocytosis. Ammonia also modifies the release of cytokines and increases the activity of lysosomal hydrolases (Atanassov et al, 1994(Atanassov et al, , 1995. Marcaida et al (1992) speculated that ammonia toxicity is mediated by excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors in the brain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%